Car Tuning

In 2002 a joint project between International Navistar and the Ford Motor Company was born. “The goal of this project was to create an engine that was fuel efficient, emission compliant and would be able to outperform all of the competition” (Banks Power). With over 2 million ford super duty’s equipped with the 7.3l Powerstroke engine on the road, the new engine would have big shoes to fill. The engine that was to replace the outdated, underpowered and overall inadequate 7.3l Powerstroke was the International Navistar 6.0l turbo diesel.

A mixture of fuel and air within each cylinder is ignited by a spark from the spark plug. As the fuel combusts, it goes a chemical reaction, yielding gaseous byproducts. Gasoline can only burn if it is in a vapor. The chemical equation for the combustion of the octane within gasoline is: 2 C8H18(g) + 25 O2 Þ 16 CO2(g) + 18H2O(g).” (Science Of NASCAR) The gases the begin to expand, this expansion pushes against the piston, causing it to move downward. Each of the following eight cylinders will then fire, and once all eight cylinders fire, the process repeats itself over again. Indy cars use pure Methanol (CH3OH), while NASCAR’s use the same fuel as your everyday car a “leaded 110-octane gasoline. The lead is in the form of a compound known as tetraethyl lead (Pb(CH2CH3)4).”(Science of Nascar) A small amount of Pb(CH2CH3)4 which is Tetraethyllead this is used to keep the gas from igniting when compressed. Octane, C8H18 (sometimes called noctane or normal octane), is a hydrocarbon that can be compressed fairly well without igniting. Isooctane is an isomer of octane, it’s better at being compressed without igniting, so it’s used in regular gasoline and is given the value of 100 in the octane rating

The continuing rotation of the crankshaft drives the piston back up, ready for the next cycle. The piston moves in a reciprocating motion, which is converted into circular motion of the crankshaft, which ultimately propels the car. Gas engines usually have about the same about of horsepower as they do torque. The diesel engine usually has twice as much torque as it does horsepower, thus it is the better hill climber and load carrier.

Although some people believe that automobiles have not really changed over time, automobiles have changed an extraordinary amount over the past one hundred years,a plethora of things have changed such as the design of the engine from 1964 to now, the impact of the automobile, and the use of the automobile. There are now over 50 types of engines which include v8s, v6s and 4 cylinders. Over 70 million cars were produced in 2016 alone (worldometers.info). We have reached this milestone by innovating and inventing the technology we use to create these modern automobiles.

c. Then we have to slowly release the clutch and start pressing on the gas pedal.

Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a tremendous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer.

How would you feel about having a tool that can increase your vehicle performance? Today, automakers manufacturer cars with a great amount of hidden power and potential, which lead to the design of a product call Gen-Tune. Gen-Tune is a graphical user interface that allows a specific community of car owners to modify the engine control unit for performance. The hardware and software was designed to increase horsepower and torque from factory made vehicles. The tool connects to the OBD2 diagnostic port, then via USB to your PC. Once connected the tool downloads the firmware off the engine control unit and displays it in a user friendly format. Gen-Tune gives the user the ability to modify the engine control unit, data log sensors, real-time tuning, and clear diagnostic trouble codes.

Does the engine misfire? – When the engine misfires, it causes the car to stop for a few seconds and then continues its movement. This indicates that one or more of the cylinders are not firing properly, which can also result in higher amount of

These cars are most often imported from Asian countries. They are designed to be especially high performance versions of standard vehicles. Therefore, tuner cars are often smaller and more lightweight than muscle cars, making it much easier to take hard turns and with some upgrades, go faster than the dominant muscle cars with almost half the horsepower. Just because tuner cars have smaller engines than muscle cars doesn't mean they can't be as fast as muscle cars, but faster. Being lighter is what wins a race, the less you weigh the faster you can go in a shorter distance.

Similarly government regulations in the United States and Europe are tightening up, consequently requiring cars to be cleaner and more fuel efficient. As a result, the collaboration with BMW is paramount to getting the most fuel efficient vehicles to the market in a timely manner so that GM can harvest a substantial profit. (3) In addition General Motors is working on the next generation of fuel efficient and gasoline free vehicles to help reduce the impact of the vehicle on the environment, while preserving personal mobility, which further indicates its commitment to innovation. (6)

The timing belt sustains the vital precision for an engine's operation. It harmonizes the camshaft and crankshaft rotations, allowing pistons and valves to move in sync. It turns the camshaft, which opens and closes intake and exhaust valves. Intake valves send oxygen and fuel mixture into your engine for combustion. Exhaust valves permit waste products to be eradicated from the cylinder once the oxygen and fuel mixture have burned.

The average driver doesn’t think about what keeps their car moving or what keeps them on the road, but that’s because they don’t have to. The average driver doesn’t have to worry about having enough downforce to keep them on the road or if they will reach the adhesive limit of their car’s tires around a turn. These are the things are the car designers, professional drivers, racing pit crews, serious sports car owners, and physicist think about. Physics are an important part of every sports and racing car design. The stylish curves and ground effects on sports cars are usually there not just for form but function as well allowing you to go speeds over 140 mph in most serious sports cars and remain on the road and in

The piston then travels down pulling in fresh air, (third stroke), after the piston bottoms again it travels up compressing the fresh air, (fourth stroke). The fuel is then injected and one cycle is completed in 720 degrees or two full rotations of the crankshaft.

That covers the basic function of an engine fron intake to exhaust. Next we will explore the relationship of Horsepower vs Torque.

Combustion, also known as rapid burning, is the basic chemical process of releasing energy from any fuel and air mixture. In an internal combustion engine, the ignition and combustion of the fuel occurs within each cylinder of the engine block. The engine then partially converts the energy from the combustion to push the piston down. The engine consists of a fixed cylinder and a moving piston (Springfield.mntm.org, 2017). The expanding combustion gases push the piston, which in turn rotates the crankshaft. Ultimately, through a system of gears in the powertrain, this motion drives the vehicle’s wheels