Carbohydrates Case Study

Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce any insulin) or the insulin produced cannot work properly. Diabetes is divided into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as insulin dependent diabetes milletus (Masharani, 2008) cannot be prevent while Type 2 can be prevented but if the patient is at pre-diabetes stage.

Lipids and Carbohydrates Lipids are a group of substances, which include fats, oils and waxes. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, glycogen and cellulose. They are stored in plants as starches and in animals as glycogen. There are many differences between carbohydrates and lipids.

Also, with increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in rural population throughout the world and due to adverse side effects of synthetic medicine, there is a real need for development of indigenous, inexpensive botanical sources for anti-diabetic crude or purified drugs for treatment of disease [5].The toxic level of the drug is assessed for fixing efficient drug dosage which is nontoxic without any mortality. The effective drug dosage (LD50) is considered for further Biochemical parameter studies using Wistar rats [Ref - HINDAWI].

What is carbohydrate loading? Carbohydrate loading, also known as carbo loading, is when the body is depleted of carbs and then overloading the body with carbs at one time. To carbohydrate load the body must be depleted of carbs for a few days. Doing this tricks your body into thinking that there is a problem with your glycogen stores. Glycogen is a form of carbohydrate that is stored in the liver and muscle cells. It is used when you exercise. It eventually runs out and your performance levels drop as fatigue sets in. for the next two or three days, after depleting your body of carbs, you overload on carbs because your body will store more glycogen because it still thinks there is an issue

After going through my DRI reviews for this project to be honest I was not sure what normal level range my DRI should stand within. But reading through the assignment instruction I found out that my DRI % all should be in a level range of 100%. It was shocking to me because most of my nutrients, minerals, and vitamins are in recommended range, in a middle of a standard range, and even some below recommended range. The first one that caught my eye is carbohydrate intake level where I fell below recommended range. Carbohydrate is a very important component in our body it breaks down into glucose, in your blood sugar which helps brain and nervous system supply with energy source, muscles and other elements of the body to function properly. The human body

I believe if you eat carbs in moderation they will not affect you in a bad way. However, most people overeat and do not pay attention to what they eat. The only way carbs will affect someone in a negative way is by overeating, eating the wrong carbs or if you have a certain body type and your body just does not use them the right way. Some people just never know when to stop eating. They have 3 or more plates of food full of starches and sugar. In this day and age, children, teenagers, and adults are becoming obese from eating very wrongly. I have never seen someone’s refrigerator with just pizza and frozen meals, but that is what this generation has grown accustomed to. There are 3 body types, Mesomorph, Ectomorph, and Endomorph. When endomorphs

(2011), Metformin, a biguanide, is the most popular first-line type 2 diabetes due to its mechanism of action commonly used to reduce hepatic glucose production. It is normally considered as weight-neutral with chronic use and also does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. There may be some cardiovascular benefits from this drug but there is no strong clinical trial data (Inzucchi et al. 2012).

The biguanide class drug, metformin, is the most commonly used drug. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic, and works by lowering blood glucose levels, therefore it is a mean of glycaemic control. Metformin is also an insulin sensitizer, as it is known to reduce insulin resistance and plasma fasting insulin levels.13 The insulin sensitizer effect is thought to be due to its positive effects on insulin receptor expression and tyrosine kinase activity.14 A positive effect on tyrosine kinase is important because the insulin receptor is a part of the tyrosine kinase

I have chosen metformin to treat this patient and this medication is a biguanide. Metformin is currently the only medication in this class (Woo & Wynne, 2012). According to Woo & Wynne (2012), metformin is the first line treatment for type 2 diabetics in adults as a monotherapy (pg. 604). Metformin is appropriate as the first medicinal treatment of this patient’s diabetes. This is validated by the American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes (2016) which states that if lifestyle changes have not affectively achieved glycemic goals, metformin is the recommended pharmacologic treatment (pg. 9).

Carbohydrates (carbs) are groupings of organic molecules consisting of hydrogen, carbon, and “oxygen grains”. If you’ve been wondering how you build up so much energy, it’s from carbs: They provide body glucose, which convert into energy from the sugar included in foods or liquids. This can cause us to feel more of the need to put our bodies into motion and use them for physical activity. Carbs are found in foods such as bagels, pasta, potatoes, and other sugary substances. You’d think carbs are unhealthy, but not necessarily. They are found in both healthy and unhealthy foods. The type of carbs you consume is more important than the amount of carbs you consume. If you use them for exercise, it can help burn off the calories

Number test tubes 1-4. Add 30 drops of each saccharide solution (monosaccharide solution in 1, disaccharide solution in 2, polysaccharide solution in 3, unknown solution in 4).

Carbohydrates are the main energy source. Without carbs, the body could not function in the ways that they should. Sources of carbs include fruits, breads and grains, vegetables and sugars. You should try and make at least half of the grains you consume whole grains. Whole grains and fruit are full of fiber, which reduces the risk of heart disease and helps keep normal blood glucose levels. Protein is responsible for the building and repair of body tissues. Protein is broken down into amino acids, which are used as building blocks of protein. Nine of the 20 amino acids, essential amino acids, must be put into your diet because they cant blend in the body. Ten to 35 percent of your daily calories should come from protein sources such as meat, dairy, beans or eggs. Fat is an energy source that when it is in your body, increases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Twenty to 35 percent of your daily intake should come from fats. You should choose healthy options such as foods

Biguanide (Metformin) is usually the first diabetes medication prescribed if a healthy diet and physical activity alone has not sufficiently helped to control the blood glucose levels. Metformin works in two ways: It helps to stop the liver producing new glucose and to overcome insulin resistance by making insulin carry glucose into muscle cells more effectively. It is available in different forms – tablets for immediate release (up to three times per day) or prolonged release (usually once per day), and oral solution and powder for oral solution for immediate release. It is often used for people who are overweight because it generally does not encourage weight gain and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications like heart

Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side

Biguanides: Treatment for type 2 diabetes. Reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver, while increasing the amount of sugar absorbed by muscle cells and decreasing insulin resistance. Biguanides prevent the liver from converting fats and amino-acids into glucose.