Carbon Fiber Into Common Civil Engineering Practices

However, the absence of plastic deformation does not mean that composites are brittle materials like monolithic ceramics. The heterogeneous nature of composites result in complex failure mechanisms which impart toughness. Fiber-reinforced materials have been found to produce durable, reliable structural components in countless applications. The unique characteristic of composite materials, especially anisotropy, require the use of special design

As the human body ages, it becomes more fragile. America’s infrastructure is nearly the same. With the everyday use of many large structures, such as bridges, buildings, and other large structures made of concrete and/or steel, many are beginning to wither away while the average American is unaware of these changes. In many projects around the world, there is a material that is being commonly used to strengthen structures known as Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The types of structures that this material can help to strengthen includes, but is not limited to, reinforced concrete columns, bridge girders, steel structures, and cable

Carbon-fiber-reinforced-epoxy is recently used in the frame. It is suitable for this application since it is very lightweight, high tensile strength, ductile, high heat resistance, and high stiffness.

In building construction and in fire prevention there are organizations that have created a useful system on how to determine what type of building falls under which category. The ICC (International Code Council) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) create these building codes for the safety of firefighters. The two most commonly known standards for building classifications are the NFPA 5000 and also the International Building Code (IBC). The two are very similar, however, they different on sub-categorizing. The International Building Code uses Roman numerals behind the type of construction. In addition to subcategories with letters for each five classes and the amount of fire resistance provided for each building. NFPA

When you hear of the word engineering, what comes to mind? Do you think of a train engine rolling over the plains of South Dakota? Maybe you think of a bridge or a road? If you thought of either of those things, you are correct. Furthermore, Civil Engineering is all of these things and a little more. “Civil engineering is arguably the oldest engineering discipline. It deals with the built environment and can be dated to the first time someone placed a roof over his or her head or laid a tree trunk across a river to make it easier to get across (Civil Engineering).” Some of the first ever examples of the civil engineering was the roof and the bridge. Eventually, our knowledge and tools advanced to enhance the durability and aestheticism of roads, bridges, and buildings. In addition to roads and bridges, civil engineering also deals with planes, cars, and boats as well.

A composite material is a material that is made of (composed of) 2 or more constituent materials with different physical and chemical properties of each other. When combined, these materials form a composite with different properties from both of its constituent. Composite material is preferred for many reasons. It is often stronger, lighter, and less expensive when compared to traditional materials. Engineered composite materials, for example, are: mortars, concrete, metal composites, reinforced plastics, and ceramic composites. Nowadays, composites are widely used in many fields, especially in industries. Industries including oil and gas industry now use composites as their equipment’s material. One of the strongest reason why composites are now widely used, is that, use of composites lower the production cost for

The two main drawbacks of presently developed bio-composites from its rival glass fiber composites are: poor moisture resistance and low impact strength. Recent research results show that there is some large lays either in pre-treatment of the fibers, engineering of fibers or in improving the chemistry while impregnating the fibers with the matrix

Abstract: Advancement in recent years on the efficiency of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) in production and cost benefits have increased their use as alternative means to steel rebar in bridge deck bases. The purpose in applying rebar is to increase the tensile strength of concrete. Considering the versatility of bridges there are many factors that need to be analyzed when choosing whether to use steel rebar or GFRP material such as: cost, tensile strength, and weather resistance. Stress-strain graphs were calculated, graphed, and analyzed to determine the yield tensile strength and stiffness of steel rebar and GFRP. Data collected from alkaline bath tests were graphed and analyzed to determine the thermal and corrosion resistance of each material. Costs per square inch of each material were also compared as well as each materials quality and life expectancy. The results of the conducted test analysis found the GFRP to have greater thermal resistance, lower cost, and higher life expectancy than the steel rebar, however the steel rebar’s stiffness was found to be about six times larger than the GFRP’s. These results suggest that the advancements in GFRP can provide longer lasting bridge structures and will change the future of construction and restoration of bridges.

I was born in a family which is fulfilled with civil engineering elements, thus my childhood environment aroused my strong interests of engineering and construction. For example, my father is an excellent civil engineer who participated in the design and construction of many large projects. We have models of bridge and building and everywhere in our home such as the delicate Tower Bridge and the ingenious Eiffel Tower. Furthermore, we have collected numerous architectonic books from all around the world, which became my best mentor for construction. Throughout my growth stages, I spent a lot of my leisure time on construction, for instance, following my father to visit construction sites in China. Therefore, I resolved to be an engineer and

In addition to the compressive strength, the elastic modulus of concrete considered one of the most important mechanical properties for the design of new structures and safety evaluation of existing structures (G56). The weight of coarse aggregate is important to specify the behavior of concrete in elastic modulus because weight of aggregates is the majority of percent of the volume of a concrete mix. When the coarse aggregate weight more than sand aggregate weight more 100%, the fiber did not influence its elastic properties although some fluctuations in the data were observed.When there was not coarse aggregate, the Elastic modulus decreases roughly 36% when add at 2% volume fraction of fiber in the matrix because of the possible extra voids brought on by fiber addition as revealed by the results.

For acknowledgeable, a hybrid composite material is a combination of “hybrid” and “composite”. The meaning of “hybrid” in hybrid composite material itself is the hybridization in macroscopic structure in the metallographic scale. Researchers found that there are three new categories of hybridization of materials, that is, hybrid materials. The categorizations of hybrid materials are structurally-hybridized materials, materials hybridized in chemical-bond, and functionally-hybridized materials. The composite wings require more advanced treatment that must be based on a new methodology which handles the modelling complexity arising mainly from the fibrous nature of anisotropic composites. The most popular hybrid composite is carbon-Kevlar hybrid composite and this is because hybridization of carbon fibre-reinforced composites with Kevlar fibre results in a significant positive hybrid

This chapter reviews the literatures of the available previous studies related to several techniques of strengthening reinforced concrete columns with attention on strengthening reinforced concrete column using concrete jacket. Also this chapter provides a literature review relevant to the history, properties and field application of the ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). The chapter also reviews several techniques of enhancing the bond at the interface between two concrete layers of different ages.

Now a day, civil engineering structures require high strength and high durability concrete for construction, but at the same time concrete should be economical. This requirement leads to the development of concept of Self Compacting Concrete [1]. As Self Compacting Concrete completely fills the formwork by virtue of its own weight without segregation so dense matrix is formed which increase the strength and durability of structure [2]. But Conventional Self Compacting Concrete has low tensile strength, little cracking resistance and limited ductility. This limitation can be eliminated by addition of fibers [3]. Fibers have the potential to increase the post cracking energy absorption and enhancing the ductile character of concrete structure [4,5]. Also when, Steel Fiber Reinforced Self

By the early 1990's, Japan has developed and used SCC that does not require vibration to achieve full compaction. More and more applications of SCC in construction have been reported in Japan. As of the year 2000, the amount of SCC used for prefabricated products (precast members) and ready-mixed concrete (cast-in-place) in Japan was about 400,000

Reinforced concrete is a very strong, fire resistant and insulating product which does not require an enormous amount of skill and time to construct due the fact that it is pre-cast. This is because the members of the