Carbon Nanotubes ( Cnts ) Are Molecular Scale Cylindrical Tubes Of Graphitic Carbon1

It is also commonly known as terachloromethane. Like many chemical compounds if carbon tetrachloride is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin there is a chance of death, so it is important to use with with respect and care (proper protection). Under normal condition carbon tetrachloride is a very stable and clear and colourless substance. Since carbon tetrachloride can cause the liver and kidneys to degenerate it is consider a carcinogen. The chemical formula is CCI4 and it has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol. Despite being poisonous, and having a strong odor, carbon tetrachloride is

In recent years, the oil and natural gas industry has continued to expand to populated areas, thus growing a concern for nearby communities regarding volatile organic compounds (VOCs) air toxics and human exposure.1 Current screening methods to determine exposure of toxic VOCs such as the family of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylene and Xylene (BTEX) requires a traditional gas chromatograph (GC), which requires high energy use and its bulky size is not ideal for long-term field deployment and real-time measurements. Sensor technology advancements have enabled the use of low-cost devices to measure VOCs, but require additional techniques for chemical speciation for BTEX identification (i.e.

“Explain how carbon’s electron configuration determines the kinds and numbers of bonds that carbon will form.”

Emissions of some cigarette smoke toxicants from e-cigarettes is an emerging concern, recent studies published presence of nitrosamines, tobacco alkaloids, volatile organic compounds, aromatic amines,

Criminalistics is the scientific discipline that is related to collection, recognition, identification and evaluation of physical evidence. It is also concerned with the application of the natural sciences in the field of law. The scope of criminalistics includes the application of chemistry, biology, mathematics, and physics to analyze the physical evidence related to crime. Forensics is the application of science to law. With the increasing technology, every discipline has become dependent on the conclusions drawn from science. Similarly, forensic science applies the knowledge derived from the use of science and technology for the enforcement of laws (Saferstein, 2014). This paper examines the carbon dioxide in the context of

Nevertheless, most studies do support the presence of carbonyl compounds, nicotine and particulate matter in e-cigarette liquids and vapors [PMID: 27477296], [PMID: 24821826], which will be the focus of the discussion in the following sections.

This is the story of Buckminsterfullerene, the 60 carbon, all carbon spheres with hexagons and pentagons interspersed. Harry Kroto, an organic chemist, was on the lookout for the origins of long linear interstellar carbon chains. “Did the carbon gases from the giant carbon rich red stars condensed in the dark and cold interstellar space to form these long carbon molecules?” He wondered.

Activated carbon is defined as a carbonaceous material with a large internal surface area and highly developed porous structure resulting from the processing of raw materials under high temperature reactions. It is composed of 87% to 97% carbon but also contains other elements (Leimkuehler & Suppes, 2010). .Activated carbon adsorbents are widely used in the removal of

The use of carbon based sorbent, which is relatively cheap and with large surface area, to reduce nitrous oxide emission has been studied for

In conclusion, Carbon Dioxide is a special compound that plays a vital role to all living things on Earth. Although beneficial, it can also be very harmful if not handled appropriately. It is unlike any other compound with many characteristics and properties. Knowing all of these facts can help save your planet and even save your

When I was child, there was a Television program called, MacGyver was telecast every Wednesday in a week which I enjoyed most. How the MacGyver works to solve serious problem with everyday items was very much intriguing to me. Since then I have been always trying to solve things, no matter it is beyond me or not. My father told me that learn mathematics properly if you want to be like MacGyver. I guess that was the unintentionally foundation for me to be an engineer.

Graphene is a form of carbon which has recently been receiving a great deal of attention. Some have come to call it “the wonder material” due to its many extraordinary properties. Although isolated in 2004, graphene's properties had been calculated decades earlier. It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. A single sheet of graphene is stronger than steel and yet remains very flexible, retaining all of its properties despite being bent and unbent multiple times. It is able to sustain extremely high electric current densities, is impermeable to all gasses, has a thermal conductivity double that of diamond and a very high electron mobility at room temperature. It is also easily chemically functionalized,

The 7th principle of green chemistry states “A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically viable.”1 This means making use of easily available, cheap, and non-exhaustive resources like biomass consisting of plant or animal feedstock and/or carbon dioxide to make platform chemicals and commercially viable products instead of our conventional non-renewable resources like fossil fuels, natural gas, and oil. The rising fuel and energy demands of an ever growing world population in the last two decades have resulted in rapid depletion of these non-renewable resources. These circumstances have forced us to look at other possible sources to sustain the chemical, fuel and energy requirements of a growing and developing planet. Renewable feedstocks can be the answer to this. However the major challenge/test in this is to develop platform chemicals and materials with pathways employing low energy consumption processes and which would be less toxic. Another important factor is to have a process in which the amount of carbon that is incorporated into the system is higher than the amount that goes out to the environment. This difference is referred to as the carbon footprint and if positive can help reduce global warming.1 So if these processes used in making new platform chemicals and materials along with the final chemicals themselves, can contribute to a positive carbon foot print along with less toxic and harmful effects

Carbon dioxide, in its gaseous form, is a natural constituent gas of the Earth’s terrestrial atmosphere [5]. According to the standards outlined by The International Institute of Refrigeration the chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2 and the refrigerant code for carbon dioxide is R744 [6]. CO2 gas is poisonous to living organisms when inhaled in a sufficiently concentrated form. The molecule of carbon dioxide consists of two oxygen atoms bonded to one carbon atom. It can be produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons, as the product of breathing of living people and animals and by fermentation [7]. The carbon dioxide molecule is illustrated in the figure that follows:

In comparison with the traditional flame retardant material, environment friendly carbon nanomaterials have opened a new area and attracted much attention. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) includes single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNTs). CNTs as flame retardant addition have been studied by many researchers (Dittrich et al, 2013; Bautista-Quijano et al, 2016; Dittrich et al, 2015), and low addition of CNTs (0.1%-5%) can significantly decrease the heat release rate of polymer. However, the CNTs also acted as flame retardant effective agent (Huang et al, 2014), and only adding the CNTs in polymer cannot satisfy the flame retardant requirement of the polymer. Therefore, the functionalization of CNTs to enhance the flame retardancy of MWNTs was important. According to the previous study, the poor dispersion of CNTs also affected its flame retardancy (Kashiwagi, et al, 2005; Peeterbroeck, et al, 2007), because of the weak compatibility with the polymer and the intensive Van der Vaals interaction between the CNTs. Therefore, to simultaneously improve the flame retardancy and dispersion of MWNTs by chemical modification was significant.