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Cardiac Anatomy

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Anatomy is one of the oldest branches of medicine, with historical records dating back at least as far as the third century BC . Cardiac anatomy has been a continually explored topic throughout this time, and there are still publications on new facets of cardiac anatomy being researched and reported today. One of the fundamental tenets of the study of anatomy has been the description of the structure based on the universal orientation, otherwise termed the anatomic position (Fig. 2.1 ). The anatomic position depicts the subject facing the observer and is then divided into three orthogonal planes. Each plane divides the body or individual structure within the body (such as the heart) into two portions. Thus, using all three planes, each portion

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