Cardiac Artery Disease And Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

This chronic disease is also known as atherosclerosis and is characterized as a fatty plaque build-up in arteries which blocks the blood flow to the vital organs in ours bodies; with the heart being the main target. This potentially life-threatening blockage results in starvation and deprivation of oxygen enriched blood and vital nutrients that are necessary for the heart to maintain proper function; and that is being able to pump blood efficiently. Typically, it is said that the process of heart disease may begin during childhood years of an individual’s life. In a healthy individual; our arteries start out smooth and elastic, allowing effortless blood flow to our hearts and throughout our bodies. As this cholesterol-laden plaque begin to accumulate within the walls of blood vessels (which may be caused by a poor diet, and lack of physical activity, or simply hereditary) the vessels become inflamed. With the body’s effort in healing itself, this destructing plaque begins to release substances such as lipoprotenins, calcium, and inflammatory cells throughout the bloodstream.

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

Coronary illness is the development of plaque (fat store on the inward dividers of the veins) in the coronary conduits that supply O2 rich blood to the heart muscle, the development of plaque is called atherosclerosis. After some time passes plaques may solidify therefore limiting blood stream or totally obstructing the corridor. The development of plaque is straightforwardly identified with a people way of life, normal danger elements incorporate stoutness, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. At the point when the endothelium is harmed by blood stream, the cholesterol and fats in the blood get stuck shaping plaques. This outcomes in hypertension due the heart endeavoring to supply obliged levels of blood to the body. In the event that the blood stream to the heart muscles is limited or blocked it may

Fibrinolytic therapy uses drugs to break up blood clots. This therapy is used with heart attack patients to remove the blockage that caused the myocardial infarction. Another treatment option is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI involves the placement of a catheter into the blocked artery to allow blood to flow. The purpose of this paper is to examine the outcomes of these two procedures and to suggest that percutaneous coronary intervention is superior to fibrinolytic therapy.

The plaque restricts blood flow to the heart and deprive the heart of oxygen it needs to function properly. CAD can be chronic, which is narrowing of the coronary artery and limitation of the blood supply to part of the muscle, or it can be acute, which results from a sudden plaque that ruptures. According to Warnica (2013), rupturing of the plaque “exposes collagen and other thrombogenic material, which activates platelets and the coagulation cascade, resulting in an acute thrombus, which interrupts coronary blood flow and causes some degree of myocardial ischemia.” The major risk factors that can lead to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. The risk factors present in M.T.’s life are history of angina pectoris, history of uncontrolled hypertension due to non-compliance with treatment, obesity, and stress. M.T. is overweight with 289 pounds. M.T.’s cholesterol level is high at 280mg/dl. M.T.’s stress is related to experiencing the death of his best friend and business partner from cancer. Having three teenage children who are constantly in trouble at school and a wife who recently lost her job can be a stress factor in M.T.’s

Sometimes atherosclerosis occurs in the carotid arteries, especially at the bifurcation or the point where the common carotid divides into the internal and external carotids. Atherosclerosis means that a potentially dangerous plaque has formed on the artery wall. Plaque is a sticky material made of fat and calcium which hardens the arteries and can block the flow of blood. This narrowing is sometimes called a carotid artery stenosis, meaning that the carotid artery has narrowed significantly.

Funny, but often when surgery &/or a lesser procedure is offered to a surgeon i.e. Dr. John Peters' situation, surgeons tend to go for the noninvasive route, even though they make their money by cutting into other people to get things done and usually done better and so be like Dr. Peters and who has had 2 angioplasties and no bypass(es), at least not yet. There was a cardiac surgeon on the west coast who actually went one step further than Peters, in that not only did he have angioplasties and not coronary bypass surgery done twice and both times the cardiologists and the cardiac surgeons had strongly recommended the bypass for a better fix for him, but he also continued to

CAD is an artery disease where the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart becomes hardened or narrowed due to the build-up of cholesterol and plaque in the inner wall; this causes a reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. Hence, if the arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, the heart becomes deficient for nutrients and oxygen.

Coronary artery disease Coronary arteries are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart muscle. The coronary artery disease (also called CAD, for its acronym in English) or coronary heart disease is caused by a thickening of the inner walls of the coronary arteries. This thickening is called atherosclerosis. A fatty substance called plaque builds up inside the thickened walls of the arteries and obstructs or delays the flow of blood. If the heart muscle does not receive enough blood to function properly, you may have angina or a heart attack.

Atherosclerosis is a reduction of the arteries triggered by a buildup of plaque. It is also called arteriosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. Arteries are the blood vessels that transport oxygen and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body. As the body gets older, fat and cholesterol can collect in the arteries and form plaque. The buildup of plaque makes it difficult for blood to flow through the arteries. This buildup may transpire in any artery in the body and can result in a shortage of blood and oxygen in various tissues of the body. Pieces of plaque can also break off, causing a blood clot. If left untreated, atherosclerosis can lead to heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. Atherosclerosis is a fairly common problem associated with aging. According to the University of Maryland

Mr. Harry Bright has undergone a procedure called percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PTCI) via femoral approach for the treatment of his progressive unstable angina. Femoral artery is the most common access site used for PCI because of its size and its direct passageway to the heart (Young, 2014 p.431; Cosman, Arthur, Bryant-Lukosius, Strachan, 2015 p.180). In this procedure, a cardiac catheter followed by a stent is inserted to the artery to dilate the occluded blood vessel and improve blood flow (Young, 2014 p.430). The occlusive atherosclerotic plaque are usually associated with Mr. Bright’s diabetes, hypetension and smoking history. Contrary to the positive effect of PTCI, bleeding and hematoma formation are the most typical

As mentioned before, CAD is caused by the unwanted build-up of plaque within the walls of the coronary arteries which leads to restriction of blood flow to the heart (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Risk factors that are associated with increasing one’s chance of developing CAD are high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high stress, and family history (Mayo Clinic, 2017). There are two forms of cholesterol that travel within the blood: HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) known as the good cholesterol and LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) known as the bad cholesterol. High cholesterol is correlated with high levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL cholesterol. The reason high cholesterol levels increase

Atherosclerosis is a disease where fatty deposits obstruct the inside of arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood rich in oxygen to the heart and other parts of the human body. The execs of plaque harden and narrow the arteries. This limits the flow of blood rich in oxygen to the organs and other parts of the human body. Atherosclerosis can lead to more serious problems, such as a heart attack, stroke, or even death. Medical procedures and surgery are recommended in severe cases atherosclerosis.

Disease of the arteries called atherosclerosis is medical condition characterized with accumulation of fatty material on the internal walls of the blood vessels that has impact on the blood flow. Medical experts warn that this medical condition is quite severe as it may lead to cardiac arrest, brain hemorrhages or even death.

Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease affecting the entire arterial tree. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is the same with the inflammatory process. A persistent elevation in circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the body is one of the most important causes for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Characterized by the development of plaque insides of arteries, which later hardens and narrows the arteries, leads to a reduced supply of oxygen-rich blood to organs and other parts of the body (Mitchell & Sidawy, (1998). In turn, lead to various serious cardiovascular complications like heart attack, stroke, and even death. Changes in endothelial function and morphology are the cardinal signs of hypertension (HTN).