Cardiac Catheterization Essay

For example, the signs and symptoms of wound infection could be confused with the inflammatory phase, while parts of the wound may be in the destructive phase, with other parts in the proliferative phase. Nevertheless, to recognise that the complex physiological process can be divided into distinct phases from the initial emergency response to injury through a process of repair and regeneration to complete healing helps the nurse in the clinical decision-making process.

Pressure ulcers have four different types of stages in which stage one consists of skin with non-blanchable erythema. Stage two is the partial damage to skin loss including a blister. Stage three is the full thickness tissue loss whereas subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible and lastly, stage four consists of full thickness loss with bones, tendons, or muscles exposed. On the other hand, the normal process of wound healing also consists of four phases. The first phase of wound healing is the homeostasis (blood clotting), this is when in the first few minutes of many platelets in the blood starts sticking to the injury, second phase is the inflammation phase, in which the body response to the injury. Third stage is the proliferation which is the growth of new tissues. And lastly, the remodeling phase which is the final phase when the wound has closed. It’s the remodeling of the collagen, this phase can last for almost a year or

It occurs by two types of reaction 1)Regeneration by proliferation of residual cells and maturation of tissue stem cells. 2) Deposition of connective tissue to form scar.27

Chronic wounds are defined as the wounds fail to heal within a period of 3 months. Further, chronic wounds represent a significant health care problem since they affect 1 % of the western population. Common chronic wounds categories are pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, venous ulcers, and ischemic ulcers [19]. According to The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) “a pressure injury is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device”. The damage could be presented as unbroken skin or wide-open ulcer and might be painful. The injury arises due to sever or continued pressure or combined shear and pressure. Soft tissue

Once any bleeding is under control, chemotaxis occurs and inflammatory cells migrate into the wound and promote the inflammatory phase, which is characterised by the successive influx of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has contributed to the evolution of modern day cardiac surgery. The establishment of extracorporeal circulation has helped the surgical team to carry out complicated surgical manouevers for treatment of complex cardiac lesions, especially complex congenital cardiac lesions, some of which were hitherto considered as inoperable. The advances in equipment and use of innovative techniques in perfusion have contributed to decreased mortality and/or morbidity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the modern day settings.

In the case of a non-healing wound, the order of the healing process may be blocked or interrupted at any of the above stages; especially at the inflammatory or proliferative stage. The mediators of this arrest may include an impairment of the inflammatory cells, growth factors, proteases, cellular and/or extracellular elements.

Healing of the acute injuries starts with the acute vascular inflammatory response. The purpose of those vascular changes is to increase the blood flow to the area, mobilize

Capillaries then grow into the fracture hematoma, while phagocytes start to clean up the dead cells within the injury site. The fracture hematoma becomes more organized into a procallus. Fibroblasts from

Of course in our body we don’t just have one type of cell. And not every cell goes through the same process by which it repairs itself. It could be a quick process, “during which the damaged or dead cells are replaced with cells of the same type” (Amerman, 2015) also known as regeneration. After this process the tissue is returned to a normal state. Tissues that are not able to go through regeneration go through a process called fibrosis. Fibrosis occurs when fibroblasts yield collagen. This collagen is then used to replace what was lost in the injury. One major difference between regeneration and fibrosis is that after fibrosis

A wound is an injury or the damage of living tissue, and the skin is usually cut or broken, depending on the type of wound. Wounds may be caused from an accidental or intentional incident, an underlying medical condition, surgery, or an infectious disease. Depending on the severity of the wound(s), it will need to be tended to. If the wound is severe enough to require the medical care of professionals, a diagnosis will be made by examining it visually. If fat, muscle, or bone is exposed, or the wound is deeper than one half of an inch, means that the wound is severe enough to require medical attention. After a diagnosis is made, the medical personnel will find out the extent of the wound’s damage and the effects it may have had on the wellness

In adult humans, optimal wound healing involves the following events that make up the four phases;

Tissue healing is the inherent ability in our body to restore the disruption of tissue structure and function after physical injury. This healing process is natural restorative responses in our body like a complex cascade of overlapping cellular events which usually are described separately for simplified explanation but in reality form a continuum (Diegelmann and Evans, 2004). The process starts immediately after an injury and may continue for months or years, depends on the cause of the injury and contributing factors like the type of tissue damaged, differences in location, severity, and the coverage of destroyed tissue.

The process of recovery in skin wounds occurs through complex biological mechanisms, which are generally classified into three distinct but overlapping phases: inflammation, cell proliferation leading to granulation formation, and tissue remodeling (Kalashnikova et al., 2015). At the outset of the healing process (day 3), wound margins were easily demarcated by an abrupt interruption in continuity between epithelium and dermis. Differences among the groups were semi-quantitatively on the basis of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibroplasias and re-epithelialization were analyzed

When injury occurs, the body goes through different phases in order to complete its recovery, each phase has a specific job with the intention of preparing the body for the next phase of recovery. The phases that the body goes through are; the bleeding phase, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase and the remodelling phase, each of these phases happen at a specific time within the recovery after the injury. The phase that this essay is going to look at is the inflammatory phase and what role the inflammation has in tissue healing whilst briefly discussing what impacts it will have in a clinical setting.