Cardio Lab Report Essay

2. Explain the effect that the change in blood vessel length had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction?

Cardiac output adapts throughout a training program. The "American Council on Exercise's Personal Trainer Manual" lists exercise adaptations as increased ventricle size, decreased exercise heart rate and increased stroke volume. Therefore, your heart can maintain a high cardiac output with less effort. Most improvement to cardiac output is contributed to increased stroke volume. Positive adaptations occur in as little as three months of aerobic training.

Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.

Deacreased vascular resistance and increased arterial pressure causes an increase in blood flow. This is important to supply organs with oxygen. 4. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. MAP would increase due to increase in activity, SVR would decrease due to decrease in resistance, CO would increase due to more force of blood being expelled.

This causes the ventricles to dilate in order to maintain adequate stroke volume. Usually, this will improve over the next 7-10 days.

4) Compare and contrast oscillations in heart rate observed at rest (Activity 1), during exercise and recovery exercise (Activity 2). Is the relative magnitude of the oscillations the same? Provide a physiological explanation in your answer.

Heart rate quickens – more blood (oxygen and nutrients) is needed for running or fighting without stopping.

Contractility is the pumping of the heart muscle. It is measured as the ejection fraction. Contractility directly influences stroke volume. Increased contractility will increase stroke volume with any amount of preload. Diseases that disrupt myocyte activity reduce contractility. Myocardial infarction is the most common. Others include, but are not limited to, cardiomyopathies, degenerative valve disease, and myocarditis (Francis & Tang, 2003). Secondary causes of decreased contractility, such as myocardial ischemia and increased myocardial workload, contribute to neurohumoral , immune, and inflammatory changes and can cause ventricular remodeling. Ventricular remodeling occurs when the size, shape, and function of the affected chamber is distorted. Ventricular remodeling causes hypertrophy and dilation of the heart muscle and causes progressive myocyte contractile dysfunction over a period of time. When contractility is decreased, stroke

Once the patient was correctly hooked up to the EKG the BIOPAC Student Lab Program was started. Lesson five is the one we used for this experiment and once it had been chosen we label it and started the experiment. There were four conditions we needed to measure; the first being lying down. The subject was lying down relaxing on the cot. We clicked record and let it run for 20 seconds. The data resembled the chart below. If it did not we would have had to repeat the steps until it did.

Does the type or intensity of the exercise change the results? How long does it take for the heart to return to normal? Step 1: Design the Experiment As a group, develop a plan to answer the experimental questions. There are many ways you can

The normal baroreflex response to a decrease in MAP results in a decrease in arterial blood

Academically, my keen interest in cardiology has been built upon a foundation initiated since my primary education. The feeling that I had when conducting mini-experiments such as producing fermented

From the graph 1, we can see that a decrease in pump rate results in an increase in stroke volume to maintain cardiac output. The pump rate decreases because the heart didn’t have to pump as much as before to maintain the cardiac output. Venous return directly affects the preload as an increase of the stroke volume causes an increase of the end-diastolic volume (EDV). The stroke volume changes following the changes of ESV to accommodate changes in preload. From the graph 2, we can see that the flow stays constant because cardiac output is equivalent to blood flow. The heart alters stroke volume by altering the contractility. When the stroke volume increases, the force of contraction of the heart increases, which results in an increase of EDV.

Therefore rights after ventricular systole occurs the pressure is passed along and start rising in these arteries. It does not matter how strong the ventricles contract there will always be some blood left in to the ventricles after contraction. The amount of blood remaining in to the ventricles after contraction is known as End-Systolic volume

A common contributing factor to an increase of Heart rate rather than a decrease, is excitement and/or anxiety (due to being unfamiliar to breath-holding as this is the first experiment) felt by the test subject which leads to the stimulation of the