Cardiopulmonary Bypass Grafting (OPCB)

The work of Burke, et al (2011) reports that a study with the objective of comparing the "efficacy of intradermal bacteriostatic normal saline with that of intradermal buffered lidocaine in providing local anesthesia to adult patients prior to IV catheterization." (p.1) The study concluded that intradermal buffered lidocaine was superior to intradermal bacteriostatic normal saline in providing local anesthesia prior to IV catheterization in this group of predominately white adults and should be the solution of choice for venipuncture pretreatment." (Burke, et al, 2011, p.1) Burke et al reports that surgery is something that most people fear with the fear of the unknown is combined with "apprehension about such anticipated procedures as insertion of an IV line." (2011, p.1) Burke additionally reports that patients admitted for same-day surgery "require IV access. Any venipuncture, including peripheral IV catheterization with a medium-to-large-gauge catheter, can cause some degree of pain. Using local anesthesia prior to IV catheterization has

In cardiothoracic surgical patients, an incidence of as high as 16-46% has been reported8. This is related to a number of factors that can be encountered during surgery. Mechanical factors like manipulating the heart, pain and sympathetic stimulation can all induce POAF. It can also be related to systemic inflammatory processes, hypotension, hypoxia, anemia and metabolic alterations. These situations can all be expected during anaesthesia. Volatile agents used during anaesthesia may also have antifibrillatory action8.

This past Friday in the cardiac catheterization lab I began my day with continuing the work that I was previously assigned to do last week where I collected the data of patient's Cardiothoracic surgery. I continued to familiarize myself with the different types of Cardiothoracic surgery procedures, however, the specific reports I was working with, they are called TAVR report (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement). I later learned and was explained to, the TAVR multiple procedures and its causes, which is aortic stenosis. As for the procedures, a valve needs to be placed in the heart and each procedure delivers it a different way. The three ways the valve can be placed in the heart is through the heart's femoral artery (the transfemoral approach),

It is not unknown for cabg patient’s to develop an atrial fibrillation, bundle branch or atrioventricular heart blocks post operatively. “Although these conditions are more common in older people, young people can also be affected. Heart block may also occur after heart surgery and in this case may be either temporary or permanent.” (“Tripanswers,” n.d.)

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is an open-heart surgery where a section of a blood vessel, either a vein or artery, is grafted from the coronary artery to the aorta to bypass a blocked section of the artery to improve blood supply to the myocardium (See appendix A for Physiology) The primary foundation of CABG is to regenerate perfusion to the myocardium. (Diodato & Chedrawy. 2014), The goals of CABG include improving your quality of life, reducing angina allowing you to restart a more active regime, Improving the pumping action of your heart if it has been damaged by a heart attack, lowering the risk of a heart attack, in some patients who have increased risk, like those who have diabetes, Improving

In February of last year my grandfather was having problems with his heart. He often complained about the feeling of pressure casting on to his chest so he went to the doctors in pursuit to figure out what is causing these menacing pains. To his discovery, the doctor examined his heart and explained to him that he would need to receive coronary artery bypass surgery. My family and I were scared of the risks involving the surgery but the doctor assured us that it is not as intricate as it sounds. So on February 23rd My grandfather went into have coronary artery bypass surgery and regrettably did not make it out alive. In tears my mother screamed at the surgeon who gave us this terrible news, demanding answers. The surgeon explained to us that

This surgery is done to try to restore normal blood flow through the heart. It is usually done soon after birth. This procedure may be done in stages.

“Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is a widely used surgical procedure for the relief of symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease” (Bagielia, Connerney, McLaughlin, Shapiro, & Sloan, 2001, p. 1766). Coronary Artery Disease is the narrowing of the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles. The buildup of fatty material within the walls of the arteries causes cardiac diseases (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery,, 2010) .To resolve this issue, surgeons take veins and arteries from elsewhere in the patient’s body. Then, surgeons graft the veins and arteries to the coronary arteries to bypass the atherosclerotic narrowing and improve the blood supply to the heart muscles (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery,, 2010). This procedure increases the blood flow to the heart by giving the blood a new route around the diseased or clogged artery (Bagielia, Connerney, McLaughlin, Shapiro, & Sloan, 2001).

Two hours to transplant this heart, BP 140/90 mmHg, life or death and it is all in my hands. “Scalpel”. It takes many attributes to become and maintain the occupation of a cardiovascular surgeon. Such as the amount of schooling it will require, the amount of emotional stability it will take to pursue this career, lastly dealing with the loss of a patient. Cardiovascular surgery is a challenging but rewarding career to be interested in or be a part of. Amidst researching Cardiovascular surgeons and answering my questions, to soon realize the answers were met with more questions. I came across a book called Advice for a young surgeon by John C. Hall. Which offered great first-hand information on the daily life of a Surgeon and starting your career. Also numerous other interviews and articles. My aim by the end

This paper describes in detail considering one of the possible post- procedural complications of Mrs. Elizabeth Green, who has undergone the coronary angioplasty procedure to relieve chest pain caused due to blood vessel occlusion. Mrs. Green, a 78-year-old Caucasian woman, lives independently at home with her pet dog. She has a son and daughter, who occasionally visit her and provide some support (School of Nursing & Midwifery 2014). ). Mrs Green has a past medical history of gastro oesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, osteoarthritis and diet controlled type two diabetes mellitus (School of Nursing & Midwifery 2014). There are certain complication arises as a result of the procedure

Cardiac surgery is among the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the United States. According to the American Heart Association, over 575,000 open heart surgeries were performed in 2005. Until relatively recently, sedation and prolonged ventilatory support through the first twelve to eighteen hours post operatively have been standard. This allowed adequate time for the patient’s hemodynamic, respiratory and coagulation physiological

From a quantitative point of view cardiac arrests after an ambulatory surgery unit are a rare emergency, but why is this problem important? This problem is important because about 234 million person wordwide have major noncardiac surgeries every year (3),and even if a really small percentage of these people have cardiac arrest during or post-surgery, it is still a lot of people that can be saved by implementing appropriate measurements in order to prevent and respond to cardiac arrest. According to the article “Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest in Adults Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Survival,(3)” post-operative cardiac arrest occurs at a rate of approximately 7 per 10000 noncardiac surgeries (2). From a qualitative

To diagnose a coronary artery disease (CAD) the doctor will use a coronary angiogram procedure to find the percentage of blockage or narrow in arteries, the angiogram results will help the doctor to decide a decision on patient treatment depends on the percentage of blockage on coronary artery, age, weight, and whether patients have other medical conditions, like diabetes . In cases with obstructive average a 50% or slightly more are treated by medications and Balloon angioplasty, but what about the cases with more than one artery completely blockage or the medication and stent do not help them? The doctor will choose a coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) to restore blood flow in the heart, CABG is a surgery done through replacement

Cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB, is utilized in heart surgery when cardioplegia is required to perform a surgical intervention. CPB is associated with coagulopathy through the activation of the hemostatic system by different means. The direct contact with the CPB circuit is followed by a coagulation cascade through activation of factors.1,2 Simultaneously a stimulation of the fibrinolytic system3 and platelet activation4 occurs.

There are countless scenarios throughout this series that are similar to what takes place every day in a hospital and what the doctors and nurses see on a daily basis. Grey’s Anatomy benefits its viewers through realistic portrayals. Multiple surgeries have performed on the show that are consistent with literature. This could be a medium for medication students to review their content of interest or for those who are considering joining the medical field. Coronary bypass is one of many surgeries that is often completed on this show. During this procedure blood is diverted around a section of a blocked artery in the heart to restores blood flow to a patient’s heart muscle. Coronary bypass surgeries are just as common on Grey’s Anatomy as they