Cardiovascular Disease ( Cvd )

Heart Disease is a term that was shortened from Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovascular Disease or “Heart Disease” is known as a “range of conditions that affect your heart. Diseases under the heart disease umbrella include blood vessel diseases, which are classified as coronary artery disease, heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias), and heart defects (congenital heart defects)” (“Mayo Clinic,” 2014). In other words, all of these factors/conditions are involving narrow or blocked blood vessels that can lead to anginas or even chest pain

According to the WHO, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death globally claiming 17 million lives a year, more deaths than all cancer combined (Chiu and Radisic, 2013). Cardiovascular disease is responsible for a preponderance of health problems and its impact is expected to grow further as the population ages. In the UK, NHS spends about £7.74 billion as the expenditure to deal with cardiovascular diseases (Barton et al., 2011). Cardiovascular disease in the form of myocardial infarction has become the principle cause of death in developed countries, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths (http://www.bhf.org.uk/). Congenital heart defects, which occur in nearly 14 of every 1000 new-born children, is another tragic fact that baffles medical industry (http://www.heart.org/). About 61 million Americans (almost one-fourth of the population) live with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, congenital cardiovascular defects, and congestive heart failure.

Cardiovascular disease has reportedly been the number one disease killer for men and women in the United States of America. Every one out of four deaths is caused by heart disease in the United States alone (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention). Heart disease refers to the different types of conditions and symptoms that can affect the one’s heart and its functions to the body (Mayo Clinic). Cardiovascular/Heart disease has many causes and conditions, prevention methods and symptoms, and treatment options.

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic cardiovascular condition that is characterized by high blood pressure. The blood pressure commonly abbreviated as BP is a measure of the force exerted on the blood vessels as the blood passes through them. The amount of blood pumped and the narrowness of ones’ vessels are directly proportional to the blood pressure (Mayoclinic staff, 2014).

As the blood is forced throughout our body, there is a pressure that is exerted on the walls of our arteries, this is known as blood pressure. We see blood pressure represented as two numbers, the systolic (top) and the diastolic (bottom) numbers. The systolic blood pressure is the heart contracting and the diastolic is the heart relaxing. A normal, healthy, blood pressure would be written as 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) or verbally expressed by most individuals as 120 over 80. Our blood pressure can vary depending on many things. When the diastolic or systolic pressure is high, or significantly and consistently above 120/80 mmHg, this is what we call hypertension. There are different stages or degrees of hypertension. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2010) describes the stages as the following:

Blood pressure (BP) as defined by Marieb and Hoehan (as cited in Peate & Wild, 2012) is the pressure that the blood puts on the blood vessel walls as the blood travels around the body controlled by the heart. The strength of the blood pushing on the blood vessel wall is the BP reading. According

Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term for various conditions which have a detrimental effect on how well the heart and blood vessels function. The most common type of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a category of diseases that relate to the heart and blood vessels. The most common form of CVD is coronary heart disease and involves the buildup plaque in the arteries, namely the coronary arteries. This occurs when cholesterol, cellular waste, and other types of

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the inner walls of the veins/vessels. In many cases, when blood pressure is too high a multitude of chronic diseases can occur such as heart disease, atherosclerosis, and negatively impact every blood vessel that travels around your body. According to your blood pressure results (High Blood Pressure stage 1 Hypertension), you are in the unhealthy range putting you at risk for these diseases and others like them. This can be a result of sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, drinking and etc… Blood pressure is typically inconsistent, for example is can vary by just walking around or by being nervous but your results indicate that it may be high regardless. However, it is

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States (Swain, 2013, p.619). On average, CVD kills 17.1 million people a year in the United States (Swain, 2013, p.619). CVD encompasses sub diseases that affect the heart and the circulatory system. Myocardial infarction is a life-threatening product of CVD and is commonly known as a heart attack. Blood flow is occluded to a section of the heart in response to thrombus which is a blood clot formed in the vessel. The occluded section results in heart muscle death (Swain, 2013, p.619). Every year, an average of 785,000 United States citizens die from a myocardial infarction; of those: 470,000 will have a recurrent episode (Balady et al., 2011). Within five years of the initial myocardial infarction 22% of men and women will suffer a fatal myocardial infarction or fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) (Balady et al., 2011). Cardiac rehabilitation is a form of secondary prevention used post myocardial infarction, with chronic stable angina, heart failure, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Cardiac rehabilitation aims to stabilize the condition, slow the progressive rate of the disease, and in some instances reverse CVD (Balady et al., 2011).

Vicki a 42-year-old African American woman was diagnosed with Hypertension just recently. Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. Blood pressure is when the force of blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels that carry your oxygenated blood from your heart to the tissues in your body. The top number on a blood pressure reading is known as the systolic pressure which measures the pressure when your heart pumps. The bottom number known as the diastolic

Blood pressure is expressed by two measurements, the systolic and diastolic pressures, which are the maximum and minimum pressures, respectively. Normal blood pressure at rest is

While some of us do not experience having any kind of cardiovascular diseases, there are others who have to go through the complications of having one of them. Not only do people have exposure to having a cardiovascular disease, but there are different kinds of them that can affect different areas of your body. For example, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease are the six different types of CVDs.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with conditions of atherosclerotic (e.g. coronary heart disease [CHD] and stroke) origin representing roughly 80% of all cardiovascular (CV) death (Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B editors. World Health Organization, Geneva 2011). In the U.S. alone, the cost of CVD and stroke is staggering with more than $320 billion (U.S. dollars) in both direct and indirect cost (Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. Circulation. 2015). In attempts to change the current trajectory of CVD, considerable efforts have focused on reducing modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, diet and exercise, and

Dr. Natarajan says, “the genetic risk score provides information that adds to the traditional heart disease factors” (1). It shows that there are other factors than cholesterol and blood pressure. Some of the DNA sequence occur in genes no one expected to have effect on cardiovascular disease. This score was also more accurate than family history for predicting heart disease. This means that there are other factors that go along with heart disease, like diet smoking, and exercise habits, which can also be associated with family history. This is why many people wonder why people who eat burgers everyday live to be 80 while a vegan has a heart attack at 50.