Cardiovascular Disease Justification Report

Many studies were conducted on coronary artery disease (CAD) because it is the leading cause of mortality and premature disability so studies investigated those at risk of coronary atherosclerosis aiming to provide early treatment (Kolovou et al., 2005), (Akhabue et al., 2014).

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Australia's population. This is because the disease is also diagnosed with other conditions like renal and chronic kidney diseases. Cardiovascular disease extends at the end-stage of renal disease and is present even in moderate settings of chronic kidney disease. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2000), cardiovascular disease has a high prevalence rate in the population, making it a public health concern. The disease is the leading cause of death in the nation, and is causing considering burden on the population like illness, economic costs, and disability (Samani & van der Harst, 2008). The disease is also a public health concern for it affects both adults and children of all races and ethnicities. This analysis explores the scope of the disease among Australia's population, its effect on the population, mortality and morbidity studies, and social determinants of health.

Based in Australia, it identifies several of the challenges that affect the health of women based on public health. The policy targets chronic diseases like heart diseases. It targets women because of the influence that they have in the society. It deals with the prevention of chronic illness, healthy aging, reproductive and sexual welfare, mental health and well-being. The policy points out overall general points concerning heart disease. It recognizes it as the leading killer and an enormous burden on women. Age is a risk factor that the heart and stroke association highlights. 82 percent of deaths from cardiovascular diseases occur among people aged 65 and above. Although, more men, than women, stand higher risks of heart disease, the risk increases in women once they hit menopause. Other risky activities that these policies indicate are the lack of physical exercise, the use of tobacco and a poor diet. Morris Jerry was the first to conduct a study of cardiovascular disease, in 1949, and used occupational health data. It gave a basis for research on more information about cardiovascular

The purpose of this article was to identify the socioeconomic levels within the study group at UAN in Luanda, Angola. Within the socioeconomic levels, the researchers determined the occurrence of adjustable cardiovascular risks and the relationships among the different social levels. The study was done at the University of Agostinho Neto with 615 public sector workers, ages ranging from 20 to 71 years old. The timeline for the study was done from February 2009 to December

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major health problem that most of the countries are facing today and one of such countries is Australia. It is estimated that about 1 million of Australian population is affected by cardiovascular diseases and is among the leading cause of death in Australia ("Department of Health | Cardiovascular disease", 2016). It is also observed that the Aboriginal population of Australia is more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than other Australians ("Department of Health | Cardiovascular disease", 2016). In order to examine the health issue such as cardiovascular disease among Aboriginal men and women using social

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Australia, affects 22% of the Australian population. Targeting this health

Specific data was provided for different aspects of the study. For example, it was said that the study took place in Maori where the cardiovascular issue represents 31.7 % of the population which is higher than all of New Zealand (14.6 %) in total. The specific location of the study was also noted, describing the demographics of the location: “rural settings, a small city, and small towns.” The article also addressed the general benefit of implementing the AMCVR, and its ability to aid in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease has reportedly been the number one disease killer for men and women in the United States of America. Every one out of four deaths is caused by heart disease in the United States alone (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention). Heart disease refers to the different types of conditions and symptoms that can affect the one’s heart and its functions to the body (Mayo Clinic). Cardiovascular/Heart disease has many causes and conditions, prevention methods and symptoms, and treatment options.

Cardiovascular diseases are diseases which involve the heart or blood vessels, they are in fact the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Cardiovascular diseases include coronary artery disease, or ischaemic heart disease (heart attack), cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and diseases of the aorta and arteries including hypertension and peripheral vascular disease (Mendis, Puska, & Norrving, 2011). They are all due to a disease known as atherosclerosis which affects arteries (George, & Johnson, 2010). There are also other cardiovascular disease that are not related to atherosclerosis, for instance, congenital heart disease caused by abnormal structures of the heart existing at birth, rheumatic heart disease due to Type II hypersensitivity reaction following streptococcal bacteria infection, cardiomyopathies (disorders of the heart muscle) and cardiac arrhythmias (disorders of electrical conduction system of the heart). Among all the cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease are the first two major contributors to global mortality (Mendis, Puska, & Norrving, 2011).

The prevention of cardiovascular health issues would be greatly beneficial to the overall health and wellbeing of Australia, through causing minimal strains on medical services and funding, however poor cardiovascular health is largely inevitable, as it is often resultant of an individual’s generally poor health and other issues. Cardiovascular health was selected as a National Health Priority partly due to the burden of disease on Australian society, but also the prominent behavioural, and changeable risk factors. Thus, by targeting and spreading awareness of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular health, and the harmful consequences they pose, whilst also developing new and more effective treatment methods, the burden of disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to the dysfunctional conditions of the heart, arteries, and veins that supply oxygen to vital life- sustaining areas of the body like the brain, the heart itself and other vital organs. Since the term cardiovascular disease refers to any dysfunction of the cardiovascular system there are many different diseases in the cardiovascular category, and many of these diseases are strongly intertwined. Ischemic Heart Disease is the medical idiom for the obstruction of blood flow to the heart. It is usually due largely in part to excess fat or plaque deposits that narrow the veins that provide oxygenated blood to

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is referred to as a disease occurred in the heart, arteries or blood vessels. CVD can cause other diseases in the heart such as stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). (Ruskin, 2013). Cardiovascular disease has been recognised as a health priority area in Australia as it is one of the foremost leading causes of sickness and death (Ruskin, 2013). Cardiovascular disease can be qualified to a number of adaptable determinants. In regards to the sociocultural, socioeconomic and environmental determinants, individuals in the Australian population relate with these determinants to implement ways to reduce people’s health (J.Cardiol. 2010).

al, 2009). Diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, are the leading cause of death and morbidity, as shown in Figure 2, key contributors to the development of illness are modifiable risk factors such as; poor nutrition, physical inactivity and high cholesterol (Noble, et. al, 2015). Inequity is a major issue within the Australian health system, Indigenous Australians and Australians living in rural and remote areas have lower life expectancy, higher rates of chronic and preventable diseases and engage in risk health behaviours (AIHW, 2016). Figure 3 represents inequities in selected chronic diseases between low socioeconomic and high socioeconomic groups. Health outcomes are used to measure disease and illness in Australia, as seen in Figure 4, they are used to establish the health status of an individual or population (AIHW, 2016).

     The media today concentrates intently on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides, AIDS, and so on. What a lot of people aren’t realizing is that coronary disease actually accounts for about 80% of sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths from cancer, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, and others combined.

Among the UK’s top global health issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks among the top health issue throughout the country. This is perfectly reflected as a major global health problem as the World Health Organization considers cardiovascular diseases the main cause of death globally. Other major global health issues are much less prominent in the UK, such as HIV/AIDS and Malaria. Despite the UK’s miniscule presence of HIV/AIDS and Malaria, the UK has become a leading country within the Western countries in the management of preventable diseases, considering the top five fatal diseases: stroke, heart disease, cancer, lung and liver disease. Cumulatively, these diseases cause over 150,000 deaths per year within people under the age of 75 years old. Furthermore, approximately 30,000 of the deaths are completely preventable, according to UK’s Department of Health. Within respiratory diseases, the most prominent ones are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma, with 6% of the population having asthma and over 3 million of the population