Cardiovascular Diseases Among Diabetic Patients Essay

Most people do not identify that cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death and has the most modifiable risk factors to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Despite advancements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the leading cause of death in industrialized countries and creates an immense economic burden (Mendis et al., 2011). Of all CVD deaths, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stoke account for more than 80% of deaths (Mendis et al., 2011) with atherosclerosis as a key mechanism of disease (Libby, 2006). There are many known risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis such as age, gender, smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Many of such risk factors have a modifiable component and if corrected early can significantly reduce the risk of CVD progression and cardiac death (Bridget et al., 2010; Finks et al., 2012; Yusuf et al., 2004). Furthermore, it has been estimated that 90% of CVD can be prevented by early lifestyle interventions (McGill et al., 2008) highlighting the importance of early detection and appropriate lifestyle changes.

According to the World Health Organization, “cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.” These include coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. CVD has been a main public health topic since the late 1990s because of its high prevalence. “Nearly 800,000 people die in the U.S. each year from cardiovascular disease, accounting for 1 in 3 deaths and more than $300 billion in direct medical costs and lost productivity” (CDC Looks Ahead: 13 Public Health Issues in 2013). In 2002 the CDC put together an action plan to help combat this issue. Since the majority of the “baby boomers” were going to turn 65 within the next decade, which is the prime age for CVD, they put together this plan to reduce the number of deaths from CVD by the year 2020. While this plan contains multiple intervention approaches, this paper will be focusing on detecting and controlling CVD risk factors.

Heart disease is a massive worldwide killer. In Australia alone coronary heart disease affects more than 3.2% of the nation (Craft, Gordon, & Tiziani, 2011, p. 621). Statistics show that 7.5% of Australians aged between 55 and 64 will be affected by acute coronary syndrome at some stage in their lives and an astounding 25% of those aged over 75 also suffer. Coronary heart disease is accountable for on average 20% of deaths in Australia and New Zealand (Craft, Gordon, & Tiziani, 2011, p. 621). Acute coronary syndrome leads to approximately ninety thousands hospitalisations yearly (AstraZeneca Australia, 2014).

In addition, studies further established that the levels of cardiovascular disease based deaths have declined by 80% since the 1960s. This is due to the advancements in technology which have allowed doctors to perform coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Nevertheless, the statistics illustrate that the diagnoses of cardiovascular

One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States is cardiovascular disease (Healthy People, 2013). Currently, “there are more than 1 in 3 adults (81 million) who live with at least 1 or more types of cardiovascular disease” (Healthy People, 2013). Most patients with cardiovascular disease can reduce their risk of future heart problems if adjustments are made to their health. A few of the modifiable risk factors for heart disease are: high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, cigarette smoking, poor diet and physical inactivity, and overweight and obesity (Healthy People, 2013).

In a population-based prospective study of community-dwelling older adults, only DM was found to be an independent predictor for case fatality, of the traditional CHD risk factors. DM was also found to be an important predictor of prior CHD, not only history of MI, but also history of angina or prior revascularization, (Pearte et al, 2006).

Coronary artery disease is slowly increased in number over decades, so many people did not concern that their bodies have a problem until the symptom has shown. However, with the long term before the heart get worse, we have an opportunity to prevent coronary artery disease and make healthy habits.

‘Coronary artery disease’ trouble is linked with the numbers of’’ risk factors’ causing ‘coronary atherosclerosis’ ‘High low density lipo-protein’ (LDL), diabetes mellitu’; ‘smoking’ hypertension’, advance ages ,are familiar ‘self-determining causes’ of ‘atherosclerosis’. The degree of raised ‘fatty streak’ in the middle or ‘transitional lesion’ is allied with the main standard ‘risk factors ‘for ‘coronary artery disease’, and these ‘risk factor’ property, show in the ‘mid-teens,’ while the belongings of the risk factor,s on ‘raised lesions’ do not emerge until >25 years of age.(2)

We have all heard the benefits about living balanced and healthy lifestyles, and we have also heard of the consequences of living a sedentary life. It is known that cardiovascular diseases are a huge problem in the United States. A lot of Americans suffer from obesity, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease (CAD), to name a few. During CAD, plaque in the coronary arteries start to build up, which makes it difficult for the heart to receive the oxygen-rich blood that it needs to work properly. If a part of the plaque breaks in the artery, a blood clot will form and if it becomes large enough to block the passage of blood, a part of the muscle will be damaged or die. When this occurs, it is called myocardial infarction, (MI), better

The research have consistently, shows that cardiovascular and coronary heart disease risk are closely associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hypertension. This sample population does not support that fact. The lower the LDL cholesterol, the lower the cardiovascular risk. In view of those facts, this analysis does not supports null hypothesis theory; statistically there is no significant difference in the mean value of the blood pressure, cholesterol or cause of death.

Roever, L. (2015). Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from Studies. Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases & Diagnosis, 03(02). doi:10.4172/2329-9517.1000e107

It is well established that heart diseases result from unhealthy lifestyles like poor diet, physical activity, and tobacco use, and excessive alcohol use, stress, poor sleeping habits. According to analysis report from the National Health and Nutrition Survey has shown that meeting any five of ideal metrics (no smoking, a normal body mass index (BMI), physical activity, a healthy diet, normal cholesterol, normal blood pressure, and a normal fasting plasma glucose) help in 78% reduction in the all-cause mortality rate (Ford et al., 2012).

A new study involving more than 55,000 adults looked at the effect of four lifestyle factors on the incidence of heart disease. The conclusion: Even those with a known genetic predisposition to heart disease can influence the outcome by avoiding unhealthy habits and pro-actively developing healthy ones.

There are also other important risk factors involved with men experiencing higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) than women. The risk of contracting CVD is increased in men whose first degree blood relative has suffered incidence of CVD before the age of 55 years and the same prevails in women whose first degree blood relative has suffered CVD before the age of 65 years. In addition, some ethnic groups exhibit higher rates of CVD than others [5].