Cardiovascular Function

As listed in Wong the “cardinal symptoms of cancer in children are unusual mass or swelling, unexplained paleness and loss of energy, sudden tendency to bruise, persistent, localized pain or limping, prolonged, unexplained fever or illness, frequent headaches often with vomiting, sudden eye or vision changes and excessive, rapid weight loss.” When completing an assessment of the child the healthcare work should be able to incorporate these signs to help them complete the necessary physical assessment and also lab or diagnostic testing.

According to the American Cancer Society, there are sixteen major types of childhood cancers and over 100 subtypes. Leukemia and Lymphoma cancer are the most common cancers that children get at a young age. Everyday forty-six kids are diagnose with childhood cancer and seven children die every day. Childhood cancer kills more kids than Cystic Fibrosis, AIDS, and asthma combined! The worst part about childhood cancer is that the treatment side affects can last a lifetime for these kids. People do not understand that childhood cancer only gets a small percentage of the budget for all cancers. National Cancer Institute budget is around $4.9 billion and only 4% of that sum goes towards childhood cancer.

1. Chemotherapy is frequently used for childhood cancer because what it does is it stops the cancer cells from growing either by stopping the division of the cells or by killing them. (Bernard, Samantha C. et al., 2017)

Oncology is the study and treatment of cancer. Cancer is a disease that develops when normal cells in certain parts of the body start to grow abnormally and continuously. It has been a plague on human life for a while; in fact, the earliest evidence of the disease was found in ancient Egyptian manuscripts dating back to 1600 BC. It is currently the most diagnosed disease in the world. Pediatric Oncology is a subspecialty of the practice that focuses on the treatment of cancer in children. In earlier days, because information on the disease was limited, treatment for children was almost inexistent. However, in the 1940s a doctor named Sidney Farber made a milestone in the treatment of these children by administering

Blood has many functions and is a complex structure of cells and fluid. It helps fight bacteria, protect the body from infection, carry valuable sources of minerals and nutrients around the body, dispose of waste materials, keeps the body temperature regulated and helps with glandular distribution of hormones and enzymes.

There are three main types of cells that help execute the operations of the cardiovascular system. The first are red blood cells. These cells, as mentioned earlier, carry oxygen to every part of the body, most importantly to the lungs to help us breath. Second, are white blood cells, which are essential for fighting infections. These cells generate antibodies, which are proteins in the blood

Leukemia most common treatments are: Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, and Bone marrow transplantation, and then there is also Biological therapy. In chemotherapy, patients take one or more anticancer drugs by mouth or, intravenously through IV therapy. In some cases, doctors need to inject the drugs directly into the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Chemo can cause side effects, like losing your hair, nausea, fatigue, or easy bruising, depending on the drug. The side effects usually go away progressively between treatments or after treatments stop.

The cardiovascular systems function is to pass blood through ones body keeping their muscles oxygenated, to keep nutrients that are needed in the body and to help get rid of metabolic waste. The cardiovascular system is made up of three components, these are; the heart, the blood and the blood vessels.

Living with retinoblastoma can be difficult, both physically and emotionally. Children affected by retinoblastoma may experience poor vision and eye pain as well as rapid involuntary eye movement. These symptoms can be very uncomfortable for a young child. Further, the frequent treatments such as chemotherapy can be inconvenient, and affected children often have lower self esteem as a result of their

When a parent takes their child to the doctor the last thing they want to hear is that their child has cancer. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for a child to be diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, also known as ALL. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is one of the most common forms of childhood cancer, and “makes up approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children under 15 years old” (3). Children under five years of age are at the most risk of developing ALL. Since it is an acute form of cancer once the onset has begun the disease quickly begins to worsen, therefore patients must seek treatment as soon as possible. “ALL is different than other diseases in that it is not just a single disease but also rather a group of related diseases with different subtypes”(1). This uniqueness causes the treatment of ALL to depend on the subtypes the patient has, therefore each

Within the ovary, there are several malfunctions that may occur. First being ovarian failure, which usually is caused by abdominal radiation therapy, or even just severe ovarian damage that is caused by whole-abdomen irradation. Studies show that with women who underwent whole abdomen irradation, 71% of them failed to ever enter puberty, 26% of women had premature menopause, and out of 3,390 eligible participants with in the Childhood Cancer Society Study or (CCSS), 215 (6.3%) later on developed acute ovarian

The formation and maturation of blood cells and their derivatives is called hematopoiesis. There is a tremendous daily turnover rate of cells in this system, with more than 6 billion cells produced per kilogram of body weight every 24 hours.[1] These accelerated processes result in vastly exaggerated and

Singh et al. (2006) not reported any respiratory depression/distress in any of his patients using 1% lignocaine with adrenaline, and the SPO2 change was not significant (P > .05) during this study. The phrenic nerve is resistant to motor blocking concentrations of local anesthetic agents except etidocaine. Motor blocking concentrations of local anesthetic agents in high thoracic and CEA can lead to intercostals muscle paralysis, and this may impair ventilatory functions requiring active exhalation. A normal speaking voice suggests normal ventilation

Cancer, one of the most feared words in our vocabulary of this time, especially in childhood (Druker 1). Most people when thinking of “childhood cancer” envision very young children, although a “Nation Institute of Health Policy concerning inclusion of children in clinical research defines children as being younger than twenty-one years of age while the Food and Drug Administration considers children to be fifteen years and younger” (Ries 158). That being said, most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life (Gurney 149). Some of the most well-known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers (oeconline 1). In conjunction, “the side effects of treatment,

There are slot different types of treatment that are made just for children that have unusual cancers. Such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, biologic therapy, watchful waiting. And more these treatment should be assigned by a health care provider.