Cardiovascular Health

There are multiple factors that lead to the development cardiovascular disease. While some individuals are born with conditions that predispose them to strokes or heart disease, a majority of people participate in a combination of risk factors that lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. A few of those risk factors include a lack of physical activity, smoking, and poor diet. The more frequently individuals expose themselves to these risk factors the higher their chances of developing cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, causing about 610,000 deaths yearly (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Cardiovascular disease is defined as a group of disorders damaging the heart and blood vessels, usually involving the blockage of vessels, which in turn harm the heart (WHO, 2015). A 2011 American Heart Association statement predicted that without intervention, 40% of United States adults will have at least one form of Cardiovascular disease by 2030. A large portion of these deaths by cardiovascular disease is due to the sedentary population. To better prevent cardiovascular disease, the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee stated that adults should complete about 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity, or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity physical activity weekly (Barry, Blair, Church, Hooker, Sui, Warren, 2010). Research has shown that meeting these recommendations is linked with lower cardiovascular disease risk, as well as reduced risk of mortality. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that only about 20.3% of Americans meet these guidelines. These statistics show that the majority of the United States population does not get nearly the amount of physical activity they need. However, even though many people are not doing the recommended amount of physical activity, this may not mean that they are living a sedentary life. Living a sedentary lifestyle is

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are a growing problem around the world today. Not only do diseases such as diabetes and heart disease affect individuals and their lifestyles, they also affect the economy, politics, education and the professional work environment. 20-26% of individuals in the United States live with heart disease, and obesity and high blood pressure compose the greatest factors for developing this disease [20]. Studies have shown a direct correlation between the amount of sedentary time and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, regardless of baseline measurements [20]. Thus, increase in physical activity will decrease cardiometabolic risk factors [8]. Several studies indicate a positive correlation between physical activity and decreased cardiometabolic risk markers [2,4,11,16]. However, we now know that an individual who is getting the recommended physical activity per day can still have a large amount of sedentary time.

Globally, around 31% of adults aged 15 and over were insufficiently active in 2008 (men 28% and women 34%). Approximately 3.2 million deaths each year are attributable to insufficient physical activity (WHO, 2013). Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure (WHO, 2013). Physical inactivity is estimated to be the main cause for approximately 27% of those who have diabetes (WHO, 2013). In order to globally take control over this worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes, physical activity needs to become a daily activity in each and everyone’s lives. Physical activity is extremely important as it helps keep blood glucose, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in check. It helps lower the risks of type 2 diabetes (WHO, 2013).

Metabolic syndrome is the umbrella term used for a variety of risk factors that increases the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Five conditions that are metabolic risk factors are: high Body Mass Index, insulin resistance, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar. Obesity, an example of a metabolic disorder, has been the focus of research and medical discussions because of the alarming impacts that it is having on the health of millions of citizens in the United States. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, last year 17% of children in America from age 2-9 were obese and 32% were overweight (Blumberg, 559). As a result, obesity costs the U.S. healthcare more than $200 billion and these costs will continue to increase as the number of obese individuals escalates (Janesick 2016, 559).

Obesity rates have continued to raise over the years. In America 1 out of 3 adults were considered to be obese. Due to these statistics obesity has become a huge concern for our country. Factors that are related to obesity are heart diseases, health issues, diabetes, and hypertension. To not be another statistic we must have a healthy nutrition and have physical activities in our daily routines. Aerobics is a great way to start a healthy lifestyle. As said in myDr, "Regular aerobic exercise improves your cardiovascular fitness by increasing your capacity to use oxygen. It does this by increasing your heart’s capacity to send blood (and hence oxygen) to the muscles." Cardiovascular exercise is extremely important because reduces health problems, improved bone and muscle health, and controls your weight.

Components 2. Benefits and risks II. Health benefits of maintaining general physical fitness a. Improving or maintaining physical endurance 1. Cardiorespiratory 2.

Metabolic syndrome is an emerging diagnosis in the medical field that has effects on patient care. Becoming familiar with it and having it become a common part of patient care will, if used appropriately will increase the lives of those who have become affected with or are at risk of becoming diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risks factors of metabolic origin that are accompanied by the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. There are five major factors to look for; out of these five a person only needs three to be diagnosis with metabolic

Many people suffer from type 2 diabetes, a type of metabolic disease (Curry et al., 2015; Hawley & Gibala, 2012). The prevalence of this disease has been increasing; one reason for this increase could be increased consumption of food as well as decreased prevalence of physical activity (Hawley & Gibala, 2012). Patients with type 2 diabetes are not able to metabolise glucose properly (Curry et al., 2015). Type 2 diabetes can cause patients to be very thirsty, excessively weary, and to experience a broad variety of other symptoms (Tovi & Engfeldt, 1998). It is often treated with insulin in order to help the body metabolise glucose (Tovi & Engfeldt, 1998). However, taking insulin can result in weight gain (Tovi & Engfeldt, 1998). Fat of the abdomen can be an indicator of the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease in an individual with type 2 diabetes, which is heavily correlated with type 2 diabetes (Siren, Eriksson, & Vanhanen, 2012). In terms of lifestyle choices, type 2 diabetes patients are often told to focus on diet, but are also encouraged to increase frequency of physical activity (Alvarez et al., 2016; Hawley & Gibala, 2012). Physical activity has been shown to decrease the amount of deaths resulting from diabetes related causes (Church et al., 2004). Increased physical activity has been shown to help glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (Curry et al., 2015). People who suffer

The Mayo Clinic Staff (Mayo Clinic, 2014) wrote, “Want to feel better, have more energy and perhaps even live longer? Look no further than exercise.” Most people have heard that regular exercise is the key to being healthy and can help prevent health conditions and diseases such as high blood pressure, heart diseases, and obesity. Type 2 Diabetes is becoming a world-wide health crisis and exercise helps lower the risk of the onset of the disease. (Whitbourne, 2012). According to many research studies, exercise benefits a lot of things including, quality of life, staying fit, boosting your energy, promotes a better sleep pattern, improves your mood, promote social relationships, and it can also put the spark back into your sex life (Mayo

Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent illness that is negatively impacting the health of individuals around the world. This prevalence is due to a rise in the rates of adult obesity, and is resulting in excess mortality due to an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes.1,3 It is defined as a cluster of conditions that occur together, which increases the individual’s risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.2 Metabolic risk factors responsible for this syndrome include having a large waistline, a high triglyceride level, a low HDL cholesterol level, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar.1 Three of these risk factors must be present in order to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, with the

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition that comprises of at least three of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal or central obesity, elevated blood pressure (HBP), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high serum triglycerides (TG) and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels[1]. Metabolic syndrome is also commonly known as Syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and Reaven's syndrome (named after Gerald Reaven). MetS has been defined by many organizations such as the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III)[2], the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)[1], and the World Health Organization (WHO)[3]. However, the common denominators are insulin resistance and abdominal

According to Simmons and Brown (2013), the sedentary lifestyle is one of the 5 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causing over 3 million deaths each year in worldwide. In the past 10 decades, there are numerous scientific reports pointed out the relationships between cardiovascular health and physical activities. Based on the US Surgeon General’s report on Physical Activity and Health (1997), evidence from this report shows that more active individual tends to develop less coronary heart disease (CHD) than sedentary counterparts. Therefore, regular activities have been proved to have a positive effect on many of established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This essay, firstly, will delineate the relationship between cardiovascular health and endothelial function. And follow by discussing how physical activities benefit cardiovascular health and endothelial function.

In today’s world, there is a plethora of ailments. Diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose levels are a real concern for individuals. According to Prasanna Kumar (2011), the previously listed ailments are a cluster of individual illnesses that make up Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Therefore, MetS is not accepted as a disease, rather a syndrome with numerous risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes.

The benefits of physical exercise in humans far outweighs the harmful effects associated with exercise. A prescription of physical activity has been known to delay the onset or prevention of many chronic diseases. An improvement in heart function, lower blood pressure and improve functional capacity is noticed after just a few weeks of exercising. Physical activity will also result in an increase of lean muscle mass, promote weight maintenance, increased flexibility, and a generally stronger more fit individual. Conversely, exercise when preformed strenuously or obsessively can counteract such positive effects, bringing up some issues like oxidative stresses, injuries, and