Cardiovascular System Lab Report

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

The cardiovascular system is the process of the heart pumping the blood around the body through blood vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries. The main functions of the system are to transport materials to and from the cells around the body, to assist in temperature, to keep the levels of fluid in the body at the correct level, to distribute heat around the body and to defend the body. This system is the heart, which is a muscle that pumps blood around the body through arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood transports oxygen to the body cells which helps them to metabolise energy in the body. During this process the blood is also getting rid of any waste products of respiration, carbon dioxide and water. Blood also helps to supply heat, hormones, nutrients, salts and urea around the body. The heart is placed in between the lungs which is protected by the rib cage and is the size of a fist.

Resting heart contractions were recorded for thirty seconds until the heart rate was less than 60 beats per minute. A stimulator electrode to be used was set to the following states: Amplitude of 4.00 Volts, a stimulus delay of 50ms, stimulus duration of 10ms, a frequency of 1.0Hz, and a pulse number of 30. The electrode was then placed in direct contact with the heart for 30 seconds at which time the data was observed and recorded.

The cardiovascular system, which consists of the heart and blood vessels, is the circulatory systems in our body. The major function of the system is transportation; the heart is the system pump and the blood vessels are the delivery routes. The heart transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances vital to the body’s homeostasis to and from the cells by using the blood as a medium.

At the latter end of the p-q interval, atrial contraction occurs forcing additional blood into the ventricles. At the beginning of the QRS interval on an ECG reading, the mitral valve closes and the ventricles are at EDV (135ml). During the QRS interval, ventricular contraction occurs increasing the pressure in the ventricle and the aorta. When the pressure continues in the ventricle exceeds the pressure in the arteries, the aortic valve opens and blood is ejected. The increased pressure continues through the t peak. The ventricles are now in ESV (65ml) and the aortic valve is closed. Now the ventricles are relaxed causing pressure to fall and the cardiac cycle starts over again. This ECG reading was from a normal tracing. Keep in mind that an ECV is easy to obtain, but there are some subtleties that are very complex.

4. Atrial hypertrophy would probably have what effect on an electrocardiogram? *spike the p wave

Composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, the cardiovascular system is the body system that carries out the tasks of pumping and transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, and other substances throughout the body.

An electrical stimulus was applied to the heart; the following graph shows the refractory period of the frog’s heart when an extra-systole was induced. It can be seen that right after the recording was marked “Refractory 3,” an extra-systole was detected.

When I did my own EKG lab testing I used the following materials: BIOPAC electrode lead set (SS2L), BIOPAC disposable vinyl electrodes (EL503), Cot, BIOPAC electrodes, Computer Sytem, BIOPAC Student Lab software v3.0 or greater, and BIOPAC acquisition unit (MP30). When all these materials are available the computer was turned on and three of the electrodes were placed on the body of my teammate. Two electrodes were positioned on the medial surface of each leg just above the ankle, and the last electrode was on the right anterior forearm at her wrist. When these were attached the subject was asked to lie down on the cot and relax. We then attached her to the EKG machine with three colored cables. The white cable was placed on the electrode on the right forearm, the black cable was placed on right leg and the red cable was attached to the electrode on the left leg.

The heart, blood and blood vessels make up the basis of the cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system. The average human body contains approximately 5 litres of blood which is carried around the body via a network of blood vessels split into three types; arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the largest of the three vessels and carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart and are smaller than arteries, then finally the smallest vessels known as capillaries distribute the oxygen rich blood to organs whilst simultaneously picking up the waste carbon dioxide and water from the organs to transport back to the heart where it can be pumped into the lungs to be exhaled.

The labels of the waves indicate a particular action on the heart. P waves represent atrial depolarization or atrial contraction. The QRS complex indicates ventricular depolarization. While QRS is normally seen not ever complex has Q (negative deflection), R (positive

13. Define total heart block, and describe how it was recognized in the laboratory. No synchrony between depolarization waves

The purpose of this experiment was to identify how open and closed circulatory systems respond to chemical stimulants. During this experiment a ghost shrimp represented the open circulatory system, while the black worm represented the closed circulatory system. For each organism there resting heart rates were recorded by count the number of pulsations the organism had under a microscope. First, the shrimp and the worm were treated with caffeine, and then their heart rate was recorded after the organisms were exposed to the treatment for three minutes. The organisms were removed from the caffeine, and were given time to return back to their resting heart rates. The shrimp and the worm were then exposed to ethanol, and there hear rates were recorded again.

The atrial contraction is represented by the P wave. This is an upward, or positive wave of the line on the graph. The ventricular contraction is displayed by the QRS complex. The QRS

An electrocardiogram can be used to record activity during the cardiac process of pumping and returning blood to the body and heart because of the electric current that spreads through the tissue of the heart and to the surface of the body. By