Sigmund Freud along with Carl Jung are among the main pioneers of psychology, they can be viewed as the early founders and most influential thinkers, as they contributed significantly to the modern science of psychology. They earnestly searched to understand the human psychological frailties in their entire lives trying to address and understand the human’s internal changes and struggles. This paper will compare and contrast Feud’s theories to those of Jung. Though their theories differ, they have had a great impact on our discernment of the human mind and their influences have led to the successful development of the wide range of human distress (Bluhm, 2006).
Freud’s point of view of the entire human psyche was from a sexual perspective; his theory assumed that the human mind had three basic components: the id (instincts), the ego (reality) and the superego (morality). The components were often conflicting and they usually shaped the personality. His theory is also denoted to as psychoanalytic theory of development since Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalytic psychology.
On the other hand, Jung developed his theory based on the belief that human psyche has undeniable religious nature. He theorized that people should be taught to consolidate the conscious mind and the unconscious with a process he termed individuation, for them to become whole. Jung had a wide knowledge of religion, mythology, and philosophy, and in particular the symbolism connected to the
Another element of the psychodynamic approach that makes it unique, is its explanation of the personality. Freud believed that the personality consisted of 3 components: the Ego, Superego and id. The id
Carl Jung (1875 – 1961) was a one time friend and colleague of Sigmund Freud, who initially held similar views to Freud. He started to feel dissatisfied with Freud’s ideas though and broke away from that school of thought in 1913. Jung also had a great interest in mystical and magical subjects, Buddhism and Hinduism, which influenced Jung’s own ideas on a theory of personality. He too, suggested there were 3 parts; the conscious mind (or ego), the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. ‘The main point of difference between the two men (Jung and Freud) was Freud’s definition of sexuality and libido. Although Jung conceded the importance of the
It is generally accepted that the human existence is not merely encompassed in terms of isolated instincts or purposive mechanisms such as hunger, power, sex, survival, perpetuation of the species and so on (M.-L. von Franz 202). Men have always seeked a state of self-awareness -- a more spiritual type fulfillment that is attained by coming to terms with one’s role and purpose in the world. While this psychological phenomenon has been known intuitively by civilisations across time, it has been the aim of modern psychology dissect and explain it. Psychoanalyst Carl C. Jung in particular has made it a cornerstone of his career to study this human endeavour which he eventually coined individuation - “the process by which the conscious and unconscious within an individual learn to know, respect and accommodate one another.” (Freeman 14) His research proposes that individuation follows a universal pattern whereby one must encounter and assimilate a series of
Freud believed that the human personality consisted of three interworking parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id, the largest part of the mind, is related to desires and impulses and is the main source of basic biological needs. The ego is related to reasoning and is the conscious, rational part of the personality; it monitors behavior in order to satisfy basic desires without suffering negative consequences (Boundless.com). The superego, or conscience, develops through interactions with others (mainly parents) who want the child to conform to the norms of society (Boundless.com). Freud believed that our adult lives were shaped by childhood experiences, meaning that if children did not receive the proper nurturing, that the child would be stuck in that stage or behaviors
Evaluation of a Psychodynamic Theory of Personality Development The basis of Freud's psychoanalytic theory was that the mind contained three parts: The Id, Ego, and Superego. He argued that the Id controlled the primal instincts such as aggression and sexual desire ('libido'), and was found in the unconscious mind. Its purpose is to gain immediate gratification, according to the 'pleasure principle'. The Id, he said, was in competition with the ego.
The first major theory in psychology is Psychoanalytic perspective which focuses on the importance of the unconscious mental process; the importance of sexual and aggressive instincts and the early childhood experiences on a personality. The psychoanalytic perspective was created by the psychiatrist Sigmund Freud, who believed that things hidden in the unconscious part of the brain could be revealed in a number of different ways: through dreams, free association and slips of the tongue also referred to as “Freudian slips”.
The physician Sigmund Freud created the concept psychoanalytic theory and also accepted reactive development and discontinuous growth. Freud created the id, ego and superego personality components that determined how society ruled our lives. This way of thinking gave birth to psychosexual development where there are five
Freud described humans as having three essential components that built personality. The three components were the id, the ego, and the superego. He described the id, as being what governed an infant’s drive to overcome their primitive biological desires. According to his theory infants had no other goal than to release the tension that built up when their
Carl Gustav Jung is a Swiss psychiatrist and the successor of psychoanalysis with important intellectual movements of the twentieth century. In his early career, Jung was influenced by the theory of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis (Breger 2000, p. 217). However, they came into disagreement in notions which then broke their relationship. It was because Freud’s view of myth was based on reality, which there was no religion involved, whereas Jung though that myth was based on both reality and religion. Consequently, Jung’s notions were commonly accepted by society because of the wider context. Then, through his research and clinical findings, he developed some concepts like archetypes, collective unconscious, shadow, extrovert and introvert and persona (Carter 2011 p. 442). These concepts help Jung to deepen the explanation about myth. For Jung, myth is a projection of archetypes and collective unconscious. Their form are universal and identical with every society back into history. Myth can be identical because the original form, the archetypes, is configured to be the same among human's unconscious globally where people's psychic realm encounters certain motifs and typical figures that built into the structure of man’s unconsciousness (Jung Myth Ex. 3-4). According to Edward Tylor and James Frazer, myth and science were contradict where science was factual and myth was not (Segal 2003, p. 48). Therefore, myth has an important role in human nature and modern
It is apparent we live in an unexpected golden age for dereliction. Our abandonment of materialistic possessions points to an ever-growing trail of wreckage, as if our society has become an orphaned version of ourselves that we no longer want or need. If we continue to discard and replace, then what we throw away still resides “out there,” and it remains unclaimed, instead of surrendered. In other words, if we continue to reject and ignore our own dismemberment and breakdown, then we remain split and unable to truly fall apart. If we do not have a place that allows us to see the darkness of our own psychic depth then we are unable to integrate our shadow and move towards individuation.
Sigmund Freud created strong theories in science and medicine that are still studied today. Freud was a neurologist who proposed many distinctive theories in psychiatry, all based upon the method of psychoanalysis. Some of his key concepts include the ego/superego/id, free association, trauma/fantasy, dream interpretation, and jokes and the unconscious. “Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principle of cause and effect” (Storr, 1989, p. 2). Through the discussion of those central concepts, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis becomes clear as to how he construed human character.
Undoubtedly Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. He was an influential thinker of the early twentieth century who elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system and the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Freud articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression and he proposed tripartite account of the mind ‘s structure, all as part of a radically new conceptual and therapeutic frame of reference for the understanding of human psychological development and the treatment of abnormal mental conditions. Freudian approach can be
In the 1920’s, a Swiss psychologist named Carl Jung devised a theory. Jung didn’t accept the idea that the behaviors of people were random. Instead, he was a firm believer that the differences between individuals were a result of how people use their brains. Jung claimed that “what appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities.” (The Myers & Briggs Foundation). Jung realized that people typically function in one of two ways, take in information or make decisions, and that people usually are more comfortable alone or around others. With all these observations, Jung wrote a book titled Psychological Types, which introduced the idea of personality and psychological
Carl Jung was a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist born in 1875 in Switzerland. He worked with Sigmund Freud for a while but branched off because he disagreed with him about the “sexual basis of neurosis”. Jung believed that there is a collective unconscious that is connected to everyone. God is included in this collective unconscious. His theory included what he called archetypes; pathways of energy (not things) that are shared in the collective. four main archetypes are: The Self, The Shadow, The Anima/Animus, and the Persona. The Self is the combination of the conscious, and the individual’s unconscious. the self is usually represented by a square or a circle. The self tries to make itself known. The shadow is made up of our sexual desires or instincts, and is credited with being the darker side of our personalities. The Anima/Animus are the masculine and feminine of our psyche. There are traces of each found in both women and men. The Persona is the face that people put on for others. The word “persona” comes from the Latin word for mask. This is the personality the world sees. (Carl Jung Archetypes) Jung coined the word
At the age of 40 in 1896, Sigmund Freud introduced the world to a new term- psychoanalysis (Gay 1). Psychoanalysis is a method of treating patients with different nervous problems by involving them in dialogues which provide the physician with insight into the individual’s psyche. These dialogues provided the basis for Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which “attempts to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges” (Weiten 363). Part of this theory involves the structure of the mind. This is a concept that touches