Carl Panzram: The Rehabilitation Of Supermax Prisons

The United States prison system is considered today to be one of the most flawed and corrupt systems of the modern world. Given this fact, it is unsurprising that one of the most talked about issues in the US today is prison reform. Prison reform is a phrase which refers to the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, establishing a more effective penal system, or implementing alternatives to incarceration. The US has spent the past twenty years gradually working to improve its prisons, and even recently strives to better the federal and state prison system as a whole. One of the main goals of prison reform is reducing recidivism, which is the chance of an incarcerated person re-offending. One of the main ways to do this is to give inmates ways to spend their time that will better them and prepare them to re-enter society as a fully productive, rehabilitated citizen. This facet of prison reform is the basis for the Prison Reform and Redemption Act of 2017. This bill, which was to be reviewed on Wednesday, April 25 but is

women has increased significantly, increasing at a rate double to the rate of male incarceration since 1980 (Covington & Bloom, 2006). Braithwaite, Treadwell and Arriola note that incarcerated women have historically been a forgotten population, and despite the rapid growth of the population, their needs have continued to be ignored (2005). In addition to the stigma that comes with being or having been incarcerated,

In any given year now, incarceration rates has tripled with approximately 13 million people introduced to American jails in any given year. This increase in the prison population far outpaced the crime rate and the US population growth. Today, America has around 5% of the world’s population but a quarter of the world’s prison population.

"Even though the United States makes up just 5% of the world’s population, it houses 25% of the world’s prison population” (Walmsley, 2009). The United States prides itself in being a worldwide leader in just about every category; however, being the world leader in incarceration rights might not be something the United States would be proud about. Incarceration rates in the United States have grown at alarming rates in the past forty years specifically and it has resulted in major overcrowding issues in nearly every prison and jail within the country. Although it is evident that incarceration is a major problem within our country the issues with incarceration do not end at just overcrowding. It is clear and evident through statistical data and research that incarceration does not affect everyone the same.

In the 1970s and 1980s, a massive amount of inmates began fillin up the United States prison systems. This huge rate of growth in this short amount of time, has greatly contributed to the prison overcrowding that the United States faces today. In fact, the prisons are still filled to the seams. This enormous flood of inmates has made it practically impossible for prison officials to keep up with their facilities and supervise their inmates. One of the main reasons why many prisons have become overcrowded is because of states’ harsh criminal laws and parole practices (Cohen). “One in every 100 American adults is behind bars, the highest incarceration rate in the world” (Cohen). The amount of inmates in corrections systems, throughout the

The United States has the largest prison population in the world. The U.S.’s path to our over population has been decades in the making. “The United States makes up about 4 percent of the world’s population, and it accounts for 22 percent of the world’s prison population.” (Lopez). Prison over population is a growing concern within our society creating and contributing factors include longer sentences, rising costs, prison gangs, rapes, racism and mental health issues.

America sends more of its citizens to prison than any other country in the world. The United States, though only five percent of the world’s population, incarcerate 25 percent of the world’s prisoners. America is supposed to be the land of the free, not the land of the incarcerated. About 6,937,600 offenders were under the supervision of adult correctional systems at year end 2012. Around two-thirds of the prison population which is released annually (637,400) will recidivate within the first three years of release (Glaze, 2013). The prisoner re-entry programs that are currently in place are clearly ineffective and insufficient. A reallocation of the budget is the first step towards fixing our re-entry programs. Once the budget is under control, the government needs to have a complete overhaul of system. There are many prisoner re-entry programs that have shown promise which means there is already a blueprint to success available.

High incarceration rates in the United States are astronomical. According to Williams (2014), there are more than twenty-four million people incarcerated between the state, federal, juvenile correctional facilities, jails, military prisons, immigration detention facilities, civil commitment center and prisons in the U.S. territories. The makes the United States to have the highest incarceration rate in the world. Texas prison system has grown faster than any other state and has been reported that one out of every twenty adults were in the corrections system under one form or another (Texas Tough, n.d.). The problem is that the crime rates do not account for the [prison] rates (Hartney, 2006). Thus, from the overcrowding, there are issues with

The revolving door on American prisons is as bad for the communities across the nation as it is for the people being cycled through the system. In “Offender Reentry”, David Allender, delves into how recidivism affects both the criminals and the community. Americans are starting to realize that the current prison system is not designed to reform, only to punish criminals. Because of this many ex-convicts are released from sentencing and allowed back into the real world without the necessary social skills to properly reintegrate. The problem became obvous with sex offenders, followed by minor drug crime. Allender points out that “The limited funding for treatment programs, which occurs because no one can prove that criminal activity did not happen

For many decades the prison population in America has been increasing at an exponential rate. This has been attributed to several compiling factors. The majority of the consensus is that a combination of the war on drugs and the increased need for revenue to support the industrial prison complex/job/contracts has been to blame. Research tends to show that as more low level crimes have been assigned blanket sentencing, the disproportionate amount of non violent offenders have been imprisoned to a point where we jail more people per population than any other modern industrialized country on Earth.

The United States prison system incarcerates more people per capita than nearly all European countries, and roughly two-thirds of those inmates that are released will be arrested again within three years (Ward et al, 2015). Some facilities have relatively successful programs that cut down on the recidivism numbers. However, the majority of prisons are focused on punishment and make no efforts at rehabilitation. Something in the American justice systems needs to change so that the cycle can be broken. To accomplish this, we can look at the justice system of other countries and try to determine whether such systems would work in the United States.

The United States is a country of inmates. With over 2.3 million Americans behind bars, it equates to almost one in every 100 Americans (Hunt, 2011). The United States makes up a little more than four percent of the world’s population. However, America has more inmates than the thirty five leading European countries combined. In 2013, the U.S. admitted 9,000 more sentenced prisoners than they released that year. (Carson, 2014). The U.S prison population has more than doubled over the last fifteen years, causing an extreme overpopulation and financial burden without any immediate solutions.

And yet, crime rates are higher than any other country on average. The United states spends billions on facilities every year. As budgets from the penal system increase, there are fewer resources for education, health care, economic development, state & local police, and other public services that prevent crime. But has this increase of incarceration made our country safer? Long prison sentences have had a decrease on crime. However, no more than 25% of it was because of incarceration. About $70 billion is spent on corrections yearly and about $240 billion is spent on facilities. “Criminals learn better how to commit crimes, but not how to be productive in the free world or how to abandon their selfishness. Solid evidence proves that returning parolees increase crime rates in their neighborhoods.” Perhaps if we spent more money on corrections rather than facilities, this might not be a problem and more people would stay out of jail. Conditions in prison have a direct effect on criminals physically, mentally, and psychologically. Prison does not appear to help offenders. “Imprisonment can be an expensive way of making bad people worse.” (Former home secretary Lord Douglas Hurd.) If the money we spent towards facilities was used for alternative solutions to reform criminals, incarceration levels would most likely decrease. Restorative justice, for example gives victims the chance to communicate with their offenders to explain the real impact of the crime. Restorative justice can also help prisoners develop relationships outside of prison, which can help with positive personal growth. I believe this gives offenders a chance to change their ways. 49% of victims involved in a victim offender programme found that it helped their recovery

The number of women in prison has increased dramatically in the last few decades, yet women’s gendered experiences in the criminal justice system have been largely overlooked. Because of mandatory terms enacted since the 1970s, the U.S. prison system has experienced expansive population growth, increasing nearly five-fold (Schlesinger 2010). People who, in the past, would have been given probation or suspended sentences are now being incarcerated. These new policies are effecting women disproportionately. “Between 1980 and 2014, the number of incarcerated women increased by more than 700%, more than double the rate of men (The Sentencing Project 2015)”. Nearly a quarter of these women are mentally ill and more than half haven’t finished high school (Kerness 2010). The majority of the increase in these new prison admissions are from non-violent drug related charges (Schlesinger 2010). Because women are generally the primary caretakers of the family, the increasing incarceration rates among women has widespread effects.

A huge factor in the way jails, state and federal prisons are run is due to the growth in these facilities. “As of June 30, 2008, the states operated almost 1,250 prisons holding approximately 1.41 million inmates. Between 1980 and 2008, the federal inmate population increased dramatically from just over 24,000 to over 200,000. At midyear 2008, the nation’s 3,376 local jails held 785,556 inmates.” (Sieter, 2011) Some influencing factors as to why the number of inmates has increased is the get tough on crime way of thinking that society has encouraged. The public and judges do not want any individual who is to be considered dangerous to be back on the streets therefore they set high bails as to keep them locked up. Another reason is the pressure of the war on drugs the more individuals that they arrest and question the closer they are to ending the war. Society and the public have a lot to do with the increase of inmates, they want to