Carroll's Interpretation of Corporate Social Responsibility

The scale and nature of the benefits of CSR for an organization can vary depending on the nature of the enterprise, and are difficult to quantify, though there is a large body of literature exhorting business to

Rangan, K., Chase, L., & Karim, S. (2015, January 1). The Truth About CSR. Harvard Business Review, 40-49.

Facts: Plaintiffs are residents of Nigeria, who claim that Dutch, British, and Nigerian corporations engaged in aggressive oil exploration and production, aided and abetted the Nigerian government in committing violations of the law of nations related to crimes against humanity and human rights abuses. Royal Dutch and Shell are parent companies incorporated in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom respectively; Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) is incorporated in Nigeria. Since 1958, SPCD has conducted oil exploration and production in the Ogoni region of Nigeria. Protesting SPDC’s activities in the region, Ogoni

Carroll (1991) organized different corporate social responsibilities as a four-layered pyramid model and called it the pyramid of responsibilities. The four different responsibilities - economical, legal, ethical and philanthropic are the layers of the pyramid. Corporate social responsibility involves the conduct of a business so that it is economically profitable, law abiding, ethical and socially supportive. To be socially responsible then means that profitability and obedience to the law are foremost conditions when discussing the firm’s ethics and the extent to which it supports the society in which it exists with contributions of money, time and talent”. And the different layers in the pyramid help managers

The rise in corporate power cannot be seen more vividly than in Africa. Over the past four decades, corporate social responsibilities of multinational corporations operating in Africa has been one of the most prominent issues in the world. The rise in potency of multinationals owes its existence to the natural riches of Sub-Saharan African nations. These African nations are characterised by high inflation rates, poverty and diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS. Multinational corporations has seen an opportunity to exploit these resources in the aim of increasing their profits, thus have

Daniel Jordan Smith presents an outstanding work full of insight and appreciation of Nigerian culture. The content is enriched by his years spent working there, his marriage to a Nigerian woman and his obvious affinity for the Nigerian people. Smith’s primary aim is to reflect upon popular Nigerian sentiment toward corruption but also to explore just how entrenched corrupt practices have become in society. The book focuses on two main elements; how Nigeria is as much a ‘culture of corruption’ as it is ‘against corruption’ (p. 6).

"You produce the oil from our lands, but we get no benefit from it. Look around, does this look like an oil-producing community? Does this look like Saudi Arabia?" . This angry riposte, from Vinkaviks Ekariko at a meeting between chiefs of a local community in Nigeria 's now volatile Niger Delta region and officials of a Multinational Oil Corporation , reflects Amao’s view that, home jurisdictions in vulnerable areas are generally perceived to be powerless when it comes to the operations of large organisations particularly multinational corporations(MNCs) situated in their area . According to Mujih, MNCs operate on a large scale throughout the world producing both constructive and damaging consequences . He proffers the promotion of economic growth as a constructive consequence of their operations; while on the negative side, he accuses MNCs, particularly those in the extractive industries of colluding with the governments of their host countries, to inflict human rights abuses, damage the environment and consequently, destroying the way of life of local communities .

However, the author does not indicate enough information about it. On the negative side of MNCs, he mentions that MNCs can influence the policies of host countries which can lead to unsatisfactory attention to environmental standards; nonetheless, he does not introduce MNCs which deal with environmental problems. Some MNCs have taken responsibilities for the concerns of the environmental consequences of their actions abroad. For example, Shell, an oil corporation based in London, has started to follow programs of CSR (Matten 2012, 295). In 2001 the corporation has invested over 50$ million in health, education, agriculture, job creation and other fields in Nigeria where it accomplished drilling operations (Goulbourne 2003,10). Likewise, corporations like Toyota and H2O Africa deal with environmental problems. For instance, in order to decline CO2 emissions Toyota produces hybrid cars and electric vehicles (Matten 2012, 292). Cooperation of PepsiCo and H2O Africa, founded by Matt Damon, solves clean water scarcity in Senegal, Mali, Niger and in other countries of Africa (Matten 2012,

Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2010) ‘Corporate social responsibility’, (3rd edition) Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford university press, pp.51-60

Defining corporate social responsibility or CSR can be as simple as a business that practices benefiting society (Caramela, 2016). Good CSR is one that is constructive to the entire business practices with the community. Sony is a Japanese based electronic store that has ventured to other countries worldwide. They create the newest and latest technology to compete with other competitors and to satisfy their consumer’s curiosity. The company’s mission statement declares, “To be a company that inspires and fulfills your curiosity” (Sony, 2017). With this said, Sony has a variety of interactions with the community as a whole. At Sony, they have an entire website devoted to keeping up with their good CSR practices with the

Corruption is the biggest among the challenges in Nigeria. It is clear to every citizen of Nigeria that the level of corruption in the country is high. Corruption, an ethical and moral problem which varies from place to place, time to time, culture to culture and with the level of economic development; is a global phenomenon that affects developed, developing and underdeveloped nations of the world. It is a major societal problem in the 21st century (Aluko, 2008).

The CSR concept appears from the 1960s in the literature on business but took off only from 1990

Corporate Social Responsibility in South Africa and Ghana: a comparison of successes, failures and futures in a “developed” and an “undeveloped” African country

The largest petroleum-producing nation in Africa is Nigeria. The petroleum company is the main contributing factor of the GDP in the West African nation, which is also the continents, most noticeable and populous reserves. Since Nigeria was under British control it has suffered socio-economic and political adversities for decades. Corrupt domestic militias and complicity of multinational corporations have rid the nation of its natural resources. The same corporations that are ridding the land and exploring the resources have hypocritically identified Nigeria as a major concern with regard to human rights and environmental degradation. The petroleum business in Nigeria dynamically impacts its economy so much that “oil and gas exports

This chapter will provide basic knowledge of Shell Nigeria Oil Company and its operation in Nigeria, in particular regarding its ethics, performance, social involvement, contribution to national income and its contribution to keeping the environment green.