Essay on Case 1-1 E-Centives, Inc.—Raising Capital in Switzerland

In 2014, a study from PricewaterhouseCoopers pointed that American investors are looking over-seas’ capital market for investment opportunities, and foreign investors are also looking for investing opportunities in America. According to the research from PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2014, an estimates shows that there are around seven trillion US dollars are invested in foreign stock markets, and American markets are open to non-US firms too. Many of the foreign companies use IFRS rule without any reconciliation to GAAP.

On this market of listing, the company must comply with the following criteria. As point out by TalyorWessing, the Company must be a listed company to be able to offer its shares to the public and the published accounts must accord to International Accounting Standards. To be obtain the securities to trading must be freely transfer, enable investors to pay conform obtain electronic settlement and receive their securities through a paperless settlement system known as CREST in the UK.

E17-7 (Trading Securities Entries) On December 21, 2010, Zurich Company provided you with the following information regarding its trading securities.

Even if uniformity were to be reached, the IOSCO disclosure standards do not encircle all of the information required of an easy access to cross-border capital markets.

Threats - heavy competition in the industry, foreign manufacturers dumping products in the U.S., environmental compliance costs

E17-7 (Trading Securities Entries) On December 21, 2010, Zurich Company provided you with the following information regarding its trading securities.

The topic held many questions that investors not sure if the really want to take a risk on getting involved in Ries's new kind of exchange, such:

Threats: big competitors; loosing money in the process of implementation international strategy; lack of promotion; etc.

There is no universal GAAP standard and the specific vary from one geographic location or industry to another. In the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandates that financial reports adhere to GAAP requirements. The financial accounting standards Board (FASB) stipulates GAAP overall and the Governmental accounting standards Board (GAAP) stipulates GAAP for state and local government. Publicly traded companies must comply with both SEC and GAAP requirements. In recent years it also has had the chance to look at the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and modify the rules to enhance clarity and consistency, intentionally setting itself apart from U.S. GAAP. The convergence of these two accounting frameworks is a must for both foreign and domestic businesses. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is the accounting framework used by the European Union, Japan, Canada, and other world economic leaders. Companies need an accurate and reliable financial accounting systems not matter if globally or in the United

Liquidity: The shares of the companies listed on stock exchanges have the benefit of liquidity. They can be easily transferred.

As an international multi-class asset exchange, Bourse Africa has many functions that it needs to fulfill in order to provide an efficient market to all market participants. These functions are elaborated below.

Despite the strong argument for international diversification, there are some grounds to consider when investing. There are barriers to investing internationally. These include legal difficulties, lack of information, stringent tax regulations, and high transaction costs. These costs can reduce returns and must be considered when figuring returns. As mentioned before, these barriers are diminishing.

While the company has a strong and diversified presence in the United States, continue to encourage the maximum of its revenues from the US market, which indicates that almost count on the United States. In fiscal year 2006, the United States headquarter make up 72.2% of the total revenue of the company. This increases the risk of adverse effects due to the financial events that could affect the company's operations. This heavy reliance on the domestic market increases the vulnerability of the company's local factors, such as poor economic conditions and labor strikes, changes in regulations that could affect the operations and profitability of the

Another risk is the impact of launching a website might have their already established B2B (business to business) customers. The owners fear these customers may feel they are trying to take away their B2C (business to consumer) market and then withdrawal their business from the company. (CITE)(B) Finally, is the risk of selling their products in the United States. A Couple of Squares has already faced many challenges when shipping to U.S. customers. One of these challenges in the brokerage fees that could occur with cross-border transactions.

First, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of listing a company on different stock exchanges in