Case 49

After having a very successful performance and getting second place on the first Littlefield simulation game we knew what we needed to do to win the second simulation game. We were very eager to outperform our competition and we almost did so, but ended up in second place again with a cash balance of $2,660,393.

This memo is intend to present appropriate treatment of the ARO estimation problem experienced by the Lack of Information (LOI) based on the findings from interviews with all 50 of the warehouse managers and on-site visits at each of the 50 locations of its warehouses countrywide. The onsite observations search for any evidence of damages in both the on-site property like the roof, walls, floors and general conditions. The interview with the managers obtains information about the characteristics of the warehouses that are not readily observable. The information obtained is very important in the preparation of the fiscal

Second, the manufacturing order costs for non-stocked items was calculated by dividing total manufacturing order costs for non-stocked items by the number of orders for non-stocked products. Non-stocked products have additional costs associated with processing orders that went above and beyond the costs associated with a stocked product. The third step involved determining what the S"A allocation factor would be for calculating the S"A volume related costs. This allocation factor would then be applied to manufacturing COGS. The fourth and final step involved the calculation of the operating profit based on backing out volume related costs from sales revenues followed by deducting S"A and manufacturing order costs from the resulting gross margin to arrive at a operating profit.

What are some alternative ways to obtain a market risk premium for use in a CAPM cost-of-equity calculation? Discuss both the possibility of obtaining estimates from outside organizations and also ways which Ace could calculate a market risk premium itself.

Crime is an ongoing problem in the united states. Victims of crime are individuals who have been assaulted in an immoral matter that can cause various damages to the person. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is the FBI’s yearly publication of serious crime that occurred within the following year, which are reported by victims, police officers, and other sources. The UCR is not fully seen as an accurate source of crime calculation for various reasons. One main reason is the underreporting of crime done by both the officers and victims.

At the neighborhood level, we used three variables. The first variable is the number of liquor stores in neighborhoods. A growing body of literature suggests that concentration of liquor stores is related to crime and arrest counts (Conrow, Aldstadt, & Mendoza, 2015; Gorman, Speer, Gruenewald, & Labouvie, 2015; Lipton et al., 2013; White, Gainey, & Triplett, 2012; Zhu, Gorman, & Horel, 2004). The second variable is the percent vacant houses in neighborhoods. Studies suggest that high number of vacant houses is a robust indicator of neighborhood deterioration (Hannon & Cuddy, 2006; Spelman, 1993). These areas cause criminals to gather around for certain criminal purposes (i.e., drug use, selling, burglary) that foster deviant behavior (Hannon & Cuddy, 2006; Newman, 1972).

Ratcliff focused on hotspots in Philadelphia. To find these hotspots the researchers used violent crimes such as homicide, aggravated assault and robberies from the INCT database of the Philadelphia police report from 2006-2008. These measures have face validity since these are common violent crime that large cities have. The database used is a valid way to estimate crime but also does have limitations. The limitations of using official data from a police department is the not reported crimes that happen. Unreported crimes are a dark figure of crime and must be taken into consideration when using official data.

When considering the variables that were utilized in the study, the rates of crime, burglary, ambush, assault, thievery, robbery, etc. per predetermined population were identified by the scholars as dependent variables. It is worth mentioning that the data were retrieved from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports (1981-2001). Due to the missing data issues, several cities were dropped by the researchers.

NCVS data has been proven to support official crime reports, which provided a greater understanding of the magnitude of crime and gave confidence on the validity and reliability of NCVS data. In a comparison of NCVS data and crime reports, “Janet Lauristen and Robin Schaum recently compared UCR and NCVS data for robbery, burglary, and aggravated assault in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York from 1980-1998, they found that for burglary and robbery, UCR crime rates were generally similar to NCVS estimates” (Exploring Criminal Justice, n.d., p.67).

Crime Statistics come from the FBI’s uniform Crime Reporting Program as well as the National Crime Victimization Survey of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. These statistics are base mainly on reports made to police by victims of crimes. Crime statistics yield an analysis of criminal activities and when used correctly can provide a useful tool in creating social policy. Although these statistics can paint an influential picture of crime in America it is not fully reliable. Cultural and educational factors can affect the amount and type of crime that takes place in specific areas as well as many other factors. Additionally it is also important to remember that not all crimes are reported which leaves a margin for error. Statistics can be

This helped to have more concise data. Also, incarceration rate is measured per 100,000 people, taking into account the population for each state. The same is true for the violent crime rate, as it also was measured per 100,000 people. Since both of these variables measured for population, this was another control variable included in the research.The incarceration rate, crime rate, and population of the states do not need to be operationalized, as they are already quantitative data. To operationalize whether or not a state elects or appoints trial judges, we gave each option a specific number. For example, if a state elects their trial judges, the state was given a one. These states include: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin (30 in total). If the state appoints a judge, the state was given a zero. These states include: Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, and Wyoming (20 total). This allowed us to operationalize all variables and compare them more

Ratcliffe, J. H., Taniguchi, T., Groff, E. R., & Wood, J. D. (2011) focused on hotspots in Philadelphia. To find these hotspots the researchers used violent crimes such as homicide, aggravated assault and robberies from the Incident Transmittal System (INCT) database of the Philadelphia police report from 2006-2008. These measures have face validity since these are common violent crime that large cities have. The database used is a valid way to estimate crime, but also does have limitations. The researchers were able to use a t-test with linear regression models to find the impact of footpaths while taking into consideration of extraneous influences. The limitations of using official data from a police department are the unreported crimes

Homicide is the intentional and unlawful killing of one person by another. With a murder count of 52 homicides per 100000 people a year in the Unites States of America it is needless to say that it is indeed a problem that police in America are control. Researchers are starting to identify variables like divorce rate, economic inequality and population which have with a high influence and positive correlation on the rate of homicides. This research will test the effect that economic inequality has on the rate of homicides within Raleigh NC. The main objective was to measure how a single factor can influence the rate of homicide on a smaller scale. In order to fulfil that objective, Raleigh’s average income per capita and rate of homicide between

The results concluded that the SST program was associated with a statistically significant reduction in violent index crimes at the treatment places relative to the comparison places without displacing crime into proximate areas” (Bragg, Hureau, & Papachristos,

We want to determine the primary factors that affect property crime rates in the United States. The statistical analysis of the data involves multiple-regression analysis.