Gabrial Davies
Professor Aaron Grusonik
Abnormal Psychology 340
April, Spring, 2017
Case Formulation Paper II
Study on Schizophrenia
Hypothetical Patient
The patient is a 38-year-old Caucasian male, with a history of Schizophrenia for the past 24 years. While the patient has a history with recreational drugs i.e., marijuana and methamphetamines, he has had the diagnosis of schizophrenia when he was 16 years old. He has been in and out of outpatient substance abuse treatment programs. The patient has had run-ins with the law after being found in a hotel trying harm himself by slamming his head against the window to the indoor pool. The police were trying to get the patient to stop while the patient persistently yelled the devil was
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These episodes can persist for hours or days. (Comer, 2015, p.272). The DSM-V maintains that a patient must exhibit symptoms of Schizophrenia for six months or more and the type of Schizophrenia will depend on whether the symptoms are negative or positive.
The Biological Model Studies in recent decades have looked at the genetic and biological angle to how it could be more prevalent in family members who are closely related. The closer you are related to someone the more likely you could have the symptoms of Schizophrenia. A spouse has a 2% chance of being affected compared to a child born from two schizophrenic parents at 46% or an identical twin with 48% (Comer, 2015, p. 477). Less than 50% of children of parents with schizophrenia can later develop schizophrenia. Researchers discovered that when dopamine receptors fire too often they can transmit far too many messages which in turn would produce symptoms of schizophrenia. (Comer, 2015, p.480), known as the dopamine hypothesis.
Treatment for Schizophrenia The use of pharmacotherapy is important to help reduce delusion and hallucinations in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medication like Haldol and Thorazine and Serentil were some of the first antipsychotic medicines to come out with strong effects on calming patients down. However, there are well-known side effects of these first-generation drugs such as tardive dyskinesia (tic-like
Schizophrenia is a severe, disabling and chronic disorder that affects people. Schizophrenia is diagnosed as a psychotic disorder. This is because a person suffering from schizophrenia cannot tell their own thoughts, perceptions, ideas, and imaginations from the reality. There is continuing debate and research as to whether schizophrenia is one condition or a combination of more than one syndrome that have related features. People suffering from schizophrenia may seem perfectly fine until the time they talk actually talk about they are thinking. People with schizophrenia rely on others for help since they cannot care for themselves of hold a job. There is no cure for schizophrenia, but there is treatment that relieves some of the symptoms. People having the disorder will cope with the symptoms all their lives. There have been cases of people suffering from schizophrenia leading meaningful and rewarding lives. There are five types of schizophrenia namely paranoid, disorganized, residual, undifferentiated, and catatonic schizophrenia. This paper will discuss paranoid schizophrenia.
For the last twenty eight years, China has been quickly growing into one of the largest economies in the world. China has accomplished this feat, in part, by radically changing their policies on trade and free market interactions with other countries. During this process, China has bought approximately one hundred trillion dollars of United States debt in the form of Treasury bills, notes, bonds, and Inflation Protected Securities (Amadeo). This debt has given China leverage against the United States which has enabled China to keep the value of the United States dollar high, while keeping the value of the Chinese yuan low. As the inflation of the dollar continues to negatively affect the
From a sociocultural viewpoint would suggest that maybe his race, as well as his country, and social environment could play a role in his schizophrenia also people labeling him as not normal could have played a role in a self fulfilling prophecy. Sociocultural views may also suggest that family stresses may have been a contribution to his schizophrenia.
Mr. Scott is a 34 year old male who presented to the ED via LEO. Mr. Scott reported to nursing staff he has not been taking medication for schizophrenia for the past 8 days because he believes the medication has not helping him with his hallucinations. Mr. Scott reports cocaine use yesterday to nurse staff. At the time of the assessment Mr. Scott is found pacing the floor of his room, However he is calm and cooperative. Mr. Scott reports he was released from a mental health facility in Chatham county. Mr. Scott mention previous hospitalization at Coastal Plains and Holly Hill. He reports a history of Bipolar, PTSD, and manic depression. Mr. Scott reports currently having suicidal thoughts of overdosing on unknown medication he has at his place of residence. Mr. Scott appears guarded and very anxious when talking to this clinician. He reports poor sleep (2-3 hours daily), experiencing flash backs of past traumas from growing up in his previous community, and visual hallucinations. Mr. Scott reports recently he would see dead bodies in the room and doors opening when he knows they are closed. Mr. Scott reports a history of suicidal ideation and attempts, the last being a month ago
Schizophrenia is a psychological disease with an unknown treatment. Its onset starts in early adult hood on average. There are many studies showing links to genetics and environmental causes. In this paper I will discuss many of the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia along with how it is diagnosed, imaged with MRI, and the difficulty in treating this disease. More treatments for schizophrenia may be revealed with the further advancement of imaging technology. Schizophrenia is a disease that affects the most complex structure in the human body, the human brain. The more research that is continued on the smaller segments of the different areas of the brain with imaging modalities the closer we get to
Gottesman also supports the genetic link, showing schizophrenia is more common in close biological relatives of a schizophrenic. However genetic explanations cannot account for the patients who have no family history of the disorder. Biochemical factors are used to suggest that schizophrenia is caused by abnormal neurotransmitter activity. The main aspect of this explanation is the Dopamine hypothesis. Schizophrenia has been linked to with high levels of dopamine in the brain.
The most popular medicine to use are anti-psychotic drugs. Close the plane has proven to be very effective in treating this disorder. Although, this medication is likely to cause other serious problems. This medication is likely to be prescribed when one is resilient other antipsychotic medications. Other medications that can help 8 this condition or a rip Rizal, Pullip Raton, quit opinion and that's just to name a few. These medications are accompanied by side effects like blurred vision, rapid heartbeat, skin rashes, dizziness, and drowsiness. Physical effects include restlessness, trimmers, and muscle spasm. And those who you used these medications may develop TD. These medications also can have an effect on women's menstrual cycles. Rapid weight gain can also be a side effect that makes people susceptible to being high at risk for developing baby CDs and / or high
Treatment will often include antipsychotics for the illness itself, anticholinergic drugs to help treat extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders), that are caused by antipsychotics, and in some cases cognitive remediation. Cognitive remediation techniques are time and labor intensive, because cognitive deficits are multiple and vary from person to person. Such techniques seem to work best when specifically tailored to each patient. ("Schizophrenia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antipsychotic Pharmacotherapy, Other Pharmacotherapy," 2018). When combined with drug therapies, cognitive remediation is successful. Drugs included in therapy are Risperidone, Clozapine, and Olanzapine, which produce their effects with reduced incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms. Clozapine has the adverse effect of dangerously depressing bone marrow function and the patient must have their blood count checked on a biweekly basis, if white blood cells drop too low, it is discontinued. (Timby & Smith, 2014) Other antipsychotics include Haloperidol, Fluphenazine, Risperidone, and Olanazapine, all of which block dopamine receptors. Common anticholinergic drugs are trihexyphenidyl and benztropine. These drugs should all be taken as prescribed and should never be stopped abruptly due to withdrawal symptoms or more severe adverse
Antipsychotic medications are proven to help in treating acute psychosis and to reduce the risk of future psychotic events. People with severe symptoms require hospitalization to ensure safety, proper nutrition, adequate sleep, and proper hygiene. Some common medication used to treat schizophrenia are, trifluoperazine, flupenthixol, loxapine among others. There is a side effect from every medication we take, and there is no exception for antipsychotic medications. These medications may cause, drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, rapid heartbeat, sensitivity to the sun, rashes, and menstrual problems for women. People taking these medications should not operate machinery or drive a car until they adjust to all of their medications. However, people might need to try several medications until they find the appropriate medication for them. People should not stop taking any medication without the proper recommendation from their doctor. Not taking their medication adequately may cause a relapse and the symptoms come back or usually their symptoms get
One out of ten children of a schizophrenic parent will develop schizophrenia. The risk of 10% is greater then frequency of schizophrenia in the general population which is about 1% which would mean that schizophrenia is more likely to develop is some families than others most children of schizophrenic parents are completely normal. The most interesting investigation that is still going on that remains a mystery of schizophrenia is that genes alone do not explain who gets ill. Example of this is twins as all there genes are in common but if one of the identical twins has schizophrenia the other twin has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia. About 40% of twins of a schizophrenic live completely normal lives without disease.
Clearly, this is a very serious disorder, which is often utterly incapacitating. Therefore, individuals urgently require efficacious treatment, both for survival and for quality of life, and many different kinds of treatment and therapy are used. This paper will examine the use of two of these, cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy, and evaluate which one is better. It will take the position that drug therapy is a more effective therapy for treating schizophrenia than is cognitive behavioral therapy.
Throughout psychology today there are six different theoretical models that seek to explain and treat abnormal functioning or behavior. These different models have been a result of different ideas and beliefs over the course of history. As psychology began to grow so did the improvements in research techniques. As a result psychologists are able to explain a variety of disorders in terms of the six different theoretical models. In the movie A Beautiful Mind it follows the mathematician John Nash as he struggles with schizophrenia. It an attempt to explain John Nash’s disorder the six different theoretical models will be looked at, they include biological model, psychodynamic model, behavioral model, cognitive model, humanistic model,
There are many causes to Schizophrenia. Many causes are genetics, brain chemistry and structure, and the environment of a human being. Genetically Schizophrenia can run through a family and can be passed on generations at a time. “Individuals with a first degree relative (parent or sibling) who has schizophrenia have a 10 percent chance of developing the disorder, as opposed to the 1 percent chance of the general population.” (Helpguide.org) Identical twins are a good example of this. “If an identical twin is diagnosed with Schizophrenia the other twin is 50 percent more likely to also be diagnosed with the mental disorder (psychcentral.com).” Brain chemistry and structure is another big factor in the cause of Schizophrenia. Neurotransmitters-
Do you have to be selfish to survive? Or do you just have the natural instinct? When people are put in a dangerous situation. They either survive or they die trying. The people who survive are normally criticized.
This project correspond with the Common Core State Standards Technology Skill Scope and Sequence, Demonstrate the ability to use technology for research, critical thinking, decision making, communication, collaboration, creativity and innovation. It also coincides with the Common Core State Standards Technology Skill Scope and Sequence, W6, W10, SL5, SMP 5, RI7 Use a variety of media to present information specific purposes (e.f, reports, research papers, presentations, newsletters, Web sites, podcast, blogs) citing source.