Case Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to a number of factors codependent with the modern world, is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels that play havoc with insulin deficiency and resistance. Insulin resistance means that cells do not respond appropriately when there is free insulin in the blood system. Essentially, they body is reacting to an improper balance of sugars and insulin. Because obesity is often present, research suggests that even thought the mechanisms controling glucose and insulin are unclear, the adopose tissue likely

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while

Cynthia is a 65 year old African American female diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. She is on glipizide 5 mg po daily to treat her type 2 diabetes. Cynthia revisited the clinic soon after the initiation of the treatment with symptoms of shakiness, sweating, chills, clamminess, lightheadedness and moderately severe headache. In this case study, Cynthia is exhibiting the symptoms of hypoglycemia as she is on sulfonylurea therapy. Sulfonylureas, such as glipizide commonly used as a second-line of therapy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), promote insulin release independent of prevailing glucose value and as a result,

Insulin resistance is the first physiological change occurring in type two diabetes. In these type two diabetic patients, insulin is unable to move glucose into liver, kidney and muscle cells although insulin is able to attach properly to the cell surface receptors. In order to rectify this, most patients with type two diabetes start secreting normal to very high levels of insulin, which can initially overcome this resistance. After a while, the pancreas cannot keep up with this high insulin production and the cells become resistant to glucose intake. Persistent hyperglycemia or high blood glucose levels are not desirable since this causes damage to the beta cells of the pancreas that produces the insulin hormone. This damage to beta cells further hampers insulin synthesis and patients at this stage are categorized as full-blown diabetic. Such patients consistently show a hyperglycemia state even after hours of fasting ( Hinkle & Cheever,

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreas to release insulin in an appropriate amount to become used for energy. With diabetes mellitus the body does not properly make use of the insulin supplied for the body. This causes the pancreas to produced an extra amount if insulin which the body cannot keep up with, causing an imbalance to the blood glucose levels (American Diabetes Association, 2015). In the united states diabetes affects almost 29.1 million people, while the another 86 million people have pre-diabetes but do not know. It is also known as the 7th leading cause of death in the country in the recent years (MedicineNet.com, 2016). For a patient suffering from a chronic form of diabetes mellitus understanding how these mechanisms lead to the condition can be used as preventative measures. Potential consequences as well as the causes and clinical manifestations will ensure a better knowledge on the issue to monitor the condition.

There are three main types of diabetes that people are thinking of when they ask, "What is diabetes?" These types of diabetes are the most common forms found in the United States and affect a majority of individuals at some time in their life.

Being overweight significantly increases the chances of developing a common type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes. In humans, type 2 diabetes is a relative insulin deficiency that causes the cells in the body to develop a resistance to insulin. Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreatic islet beta cells, helps move sugars into the cell that can later be used as fuel. The deficiency occurs when the functions of the beta cells are damaged. Insulin is unable to be detected because the insulin receptors are damaged from an overload of insulin already present in the pancreas. This causes the insulin to lose its ability to help clear the sugar from the body. A large amount of humans and felines are beginning to develop diabetes mellitus at a fast growing rate due to the body being unable to

Diabetes has become a widespread epidemic, primarily because of the increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is an endocrine disease in which the body has either a shortage of insulin or a decrease ability to use insulin or both. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter the cells and be converted into energy. Diabetes can be characterized as a prevailing, incapacitating, and deadly disease. There are a number of risk factors that increase a person’s tendency toward developing type II diabetes. Modifiable risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity and poor dietary habits are just a few. The

Diabetes is a disease that causes their sugar levels to rise higher than average. Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes. It can affect the way our body handles glucose, a kind of sugar, in the patients bloodstream. Over time the pancreas isn't able to keep up and can't make enough insulin to keep their blood glucose at average levels.

Lifestyle choices, such as exercising, losing weight and eating right are essential for diabetes management. However, a doctor may still recommend medication to someone who is suffering from diabetes. Below is a list of medications that are available for diabetes:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered the most common form of diabetes, considering that this form accounts for 90-95% of cases (Simon, 2002). With this type of diabetes, the body does not have the

Non-infectious, or extrinsic, diseases aren‘t contagious or communicable. They are caused by a genetic defect or other cause like a dietary deficiency ore environmental factors. Since people in developed countries don‘t get as many communicable diseases anymore, non-infectious diseases have become the leading cause of death. Some non-infectious diseases, like certain cancers, are caused by environmental factors. A good example is smoking causing lung cancer and sun burning leading to skin cancer. Diabetes is another non-infectious disease that has become a huge problem. Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle and weight and generally strikes people over 40. Type 1 can strike at any age and is caused by a genetic defect, not an outside

Alexandra E. Butler et al focuses on the increased B cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes. He noted that the decreased mass of pancreatic beta cell results from increasing apoptosis rather than decrease. The mass of the beta cell is balanced by apoptosis and beta cell replication . Disruption of this pathway leads to reduction of beta cell mass thereby decreasing the capacity to produce insulin . He further addresses that there is 10-fold increase in the frequency of apoptosis in non obese type 2 diabetic mice when compared to the control(non diabetic mice) and about a 3- fold increase in obese diabetic mice when also compared with the control . The pancreatic islet has deposits of peptide, Islet amyloid polypeptide( IAPP) also known as amylin

The current epidemic of obesity is a legitimate cause for concern. It is estimated that worldwide there are 1.7 billion individuals who are overweight and that the United States has the highest percentage of overweight adults (Buchwald et al., 2004). This condition still exists despite the availability of interventions based on diet, exercise, and drug therapy. The rise in obesity has led to an increase in the prevalence of obesity-related illnesses such as Type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea (Buchwald et al., 2004) which have been associated with a decrease in overall life expectancy. The conventional therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is weight loss (Ikramuddin et al., 2013), however, the Look AHEAD