Hospitalization In Children Essay

Acute bronchitis is one of the five top reasons to seek medical care in the United States. The incidence of acute bronchitis is typically higher in fall and winter season, accounting for 82% of the cases (Fayyaz, 2014). It affects full spectrum of population including any age group, gender and demographics. The incidence of acute bronchitis accounts for 36 million office visits annually (Blush, 2013). Although it can be seen in variety of patients, children tend to get acute bronchitis as many 6 times a year where as adults acquire about two to four on average every year (Blush, 2013). These

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, the airways that carry airflow from the trachea into the lungs. The thin mucus lining of these airways can become irritated and swollen; the cells that make up the lining may leak fluids in response to the inflammation. Bronchitis most often occurs during the cold and flu season usually coupled with an upper respiratory infection. Bronchitis can be divided into two categories: acute or chronic each of which has distinct etiologies, pathologies, and therapies. I chose this condition because it seemed like an interesting topic to research on, and I am also interested in learning more

Allen here to speak to you about the most common diseases we see here in the Pediatric Pulmonary Department. I will start by telling you what they are and I am sure you have heard them before. First there is Acute Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchioles). Acute Bronchiolitis is usually accompanied by tachypnea (rapid breathing), chest retraction (sinking in of soft tissues of the chest), and wheezing (whistling or rattling sound on the chest). Next is Tuberculosis (bacterial infection spread through lymph nodes and blood stream into other part of the body). TB is very contagious due to the fact it is airborne. Children are most susceptible to this disease. They can get it by being in contact with someone who has active TB. This disease is very fatal to children as it can result in death. The bad thing about TB is that it can not be detected and it can sometimes lay dormant in the system and never be active, so sometimes we wont ever know if a child has it until they appear sick and get tested for the disease. The last condition we will discuss is Sleep Apnea (interruptions of breathing while sleep). Sleep Apnea occurs when the muscles in the mouth and your tongue relax to the point of blocking your air way, sometimes it causes you to make noise like snoring and other times and blocks your breathing completely to where you can not

Many of these symptoms are linked with each other. Such as the symptom of a cough may result in the symptom of wheezing, breathlessness, and also exercise intolerance. These symptoms also relate to social problems with children. Due to some embarrassing symptoms, such as foul-smelling stools, children have to go to counseling when they are young. This could be a result from bully behavior, and the cruel words of school children.

What clinical findings correlate with M.K.’s chronic bronchitis? What type of treatment and recommendations would be appropriate for M.K.’s chronic bronchitis?

For the purpose of this essay, I will discuss the case of a five years old patient presenting to my place of work with the symptom of shortness of breath (SOB). To maintain confidentiality the pseudonym “Ryan” will be used to refer to the child and Ryan’s mother will be frequently referred to as “mum”.

Acute tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils secondary to an infectious process causing painful swallowing and is more commonly attributed to a viral cause rather than bacterial (Shepherd, 2013). A physical assessment of the tonsils may reveal an increase in size with edema and erythema. This is often associated with upper respiratory symptoms like, headache and cough (Shepherd, 2013). Another diagnosis is pharyngitis. Pharyngitis is also a sore throat which is secondary to inflammation noted at the back of the throat and associated with complaints of pain when swallowing (Shepherd, 2013). Viral pharyngitis is the most common and can be contributed to the rhino or coronavirus which lasts between 5-7 days and presents with associated symptoms like cough, headache, fatigue and mild fever (Ruppert & Fay, 2015). Finally, GABHS or more commonly noted as strep throat is a potential diagnosis. This bacterial infection is most common in children and adolescents. Often individuals present with symptoms including throat pain, fever, chills, headache, cervical lymphadenopathy and exudate noted to tonsils or in the pharyngeal (Ruppert & Fay, 2015). This infectious process in younger children may also present with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain but is not accompanied by cough or nasal

When a patient has gastroesophageal reflux acid is coming from the stomach and going into the esophagus. This can cause injury and have a negative effect on the bronchial tubes and cause bronchoconstriction. Patients that have already been diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive disease are at a much greater risk of having Chronic Bronchitis. Research conducted by Victor Kim and Gerard J. Criner found that 74 percent of patients that have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease or COPD also have Chronic Bronchitis (Kim, 2013)

Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory infection caused commonly by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the first two years of life. Nearly every child in the United States will be infected with RSV before its second birthday. The condition is a leading cause of hospital admissions among children under the age of two. The populations most frequently and severely affected by bronchiolitis include; infants less than 12 months of age, children born at a low gestational age (less than 32 weeks), and children with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, or immunodeficiency. Standardized and proper diagnosis and management are essential to effective treatment. The guideline established by the Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2014 provides practitioners with recommendations for diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis in children.

A health-issue known to be documented in the pre-school setting is pertussis, or better known as whooping cough (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Whooping cough, as it’s name implies, is a very communicable, infectious disease of the respiratory tract, which causes the child to make a “whooping” sound when trying to draw breath after a prolonged cough spell (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Nonetheless, not all children are known to make this said “whooping” sound while having this disease; thus, one must be aware of the general symptoms indicating whooping cough, which include, however aren't limited to, a runny nose and an extreme cough, both which gradually seem to only get worse, and perhaps can even end with the child profusely vomiting (Kid Source Online, n.d.). It is important to catch any symptoms of abnormal cold indications as soon as possible, as once the whooping stage begins, antibiotics can no longer help (Kid Source Online,

Infants with acute bronchiolitis may present with a wide range of clinical symptoms and severity, from mild upper respiratory infections to impending respiratory failure. Typically, these symptoms include tachypnea, wheezing, cough, crackles, use of accessory muscles, and/or nasal flaring. An infant with bronchiolitis will often present as having a “seasonal viral illness characterized by fever, nasal discharge and a dry, wheezy cough” (Conquest, Cremonesini, & Neill, 2013). During the first seventy-two hours of illness, the infant typically becomes worse before the symptoms begin to improve. An infant with bronchiolitis will present with 2-3 days of symptoms similar to that of the

The frequent use of accessory muscles can indicate a respiratory problem especially if the patient purses their lips and flare their nostrils when breathing (Publications, 2007).

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a disease that causes destruction and scarring of the small airways of the lungs. As the scarring and hardening of the lungs gets worse, it becomes harder to breathe.

This paper will discuss a case study of Liam, a three-month-old boy who is transferred from the General Practitioner (GP) to paediatric ward with bronchiolitis. Initially, Liam’s chief health issues will be identified, following by nursing assessment and diagnoses of the child’s need. Focus will be made on the management of two major health problems: respiratory distress and dehydration, and summary and evaluation of the interventions with evidence of learning. Lastly, a conclusion of author’s self-evaluation will be present.

The new Perth Children’s Hospital estimated at 1.2 Billion AUD, is a major cornerstone of the Western Australian state Government strategy to deliver major social infrastructure for the states future generations (Treasury, 2014). The Perth Children’s Hospital (PCH) is being procured as a two staged managing contract which is being delivered under a fixed price by the tier one contractor John Holland. The stage one design development and external subcontract pricing was carried during prior earlier works and ended December of 2012, by Aurecon, Donald, Cants, Watts & Corke and other consultants (Andrian X Sanchez, 2015). John Holland was required to design and tender 80% of the project prior to the submission of the stage 2 offer. This meant