Case Study At The Hospital For Tropical Diseases, Thailand

Individuals with mild symptoms of West Nile Virus make up about twenty percent of the populations of infected humans. This form of the disease is known as West Nile Fever. The symptoms of West Nile Fever include: fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, vomiting, swollen lymph glands, and a skin rash appearing on the back, chest or stomach. A headache and high fever are the most common indicators for a West Nile Virus infection. These mild symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. (California Government, 2005).

As the disease progresses the pulse slows and weakens, bleeding of the gums, and bloody urine occur. In more severe, usually fatal cases, jaundice occurs, which is what the disease is named for. Jaundice is when the patient's skin turns yellow and is the final definitive test to detect yellow fever, although by that stage it is usually too late. In the rare cases where people recover from the disease, the person develops an immunity to the disease.

Yellow fever is a virus that is usually found in South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where the virus is spread via mosquitoes. Symptoms of yellow fever often are not noticeable until four to six days after infection and vary in severity. The two phases of yellow fever include the acute phase and the toxic phase. In the acute phase, infected persons will experience mild symptoms such as fever and muscle pain. The acute phase lasts three to six days before evolving into the toxic phase. Symptoms of the toxic phase include high fever, bleeding from body orifices, jaundice, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and, eventually, the toxic phase becomes deadly, leading to low blood pressure, organ failure, shock, coma, or even death.

The main point of the press release is to notify the public that the West Nile Virus has surfaced and is active. One of the sub-points is to inform the public of the current case and the number of cases over the years of people who have been infected with the West Nile Virus. Another sub-point is to give the description and signs of the West Nile Virus. Another sub-point is to notify the public where the West Nile Virus is coming from. Another sub-point what is causing the mosquitoes to breed and how to prevent the breeding of the mosquitoes to notify the public that there are two types of West Nile Virus. The West Nile encephalitis and the West Nile poliomyelitis are the two viruses the press release also notified the public of the signs and symptoms of the west Nile virus. What to do and who to contact once bitten the press release gives a statistic of number of cases from 2002 to 2011 (2012). The press release also notifies the public who is at the highest risk to becoming ill with this type of virus. The press release also gives other website to seek out more information regarding the West Nile Virus.

At least 50% of all adults and children are exposed to a psychologically traumatic event (such as a life-threatening assault or accident, humanmade or natural disaster, or war). As many as 67% of trauma survivors experience lasting psychosocial impairment, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); panic, phobic, or generalized anxiety disorders; depression; or substance abuse.(Van der Kolk, et al, 1994) Symptoms of PTSD include persistent involuntary re-experiencing of traumatic distress, emotional numbing and detachment from other people, and hyperarousal (irritability, insomnia, fearfulness, nervous agitation). PTSD is linked to structural neurochemical changes in the central nervous system which may have a direct

Yesterday I got bit by a mosquito and left a red bump on my skin while I was in Brazil. 4 Day later I was starting to have headaches, fatigue, fever, and vomiting. I went to the clinic to see what was causing this. They took a blood sample and told me, that they would call me back once testing was finished. A few day later they had called me to come back to the clinic, and told me that I had the West Nile Virus.(General Questions About West Nile Virus | West Nile Virus …)

Northern Inyo Hospital added a new Pediatrician to its children’s health team this week. Dr. Louisa Salisbury arrived for orientation on Monday and will spend the next two weeks learning NIH policies and procedures. She begins seeing patients the week of August 17.

Chikungunya is virus infection which is transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. This occurs when a mosquito feeds on an infected mosquito and becomes infected itself with the virus. From there on the people that the mosquito bites also become infected. In very rare occasions it has also been known for a mother to transfer the virus to her newborn around the time of birth but there have not been any cases where the virus has been transferred to a baby through breastfeeding. Hypothetically the virus could also be transferred through blood transfusion but there have been no known cases so far. (1)

Cohort studies have implications for accurate assessments of chikungunya disease burden, virus transmission, and blood transfusion risk. The first cohort study that was a retrospective cohort study involving 199 patients. These patients were to describe the frequency of the prolonged clinical symptoms of the infection and then measure the impact of the clinical symptoms on the overall quality of life and healthcare resources that were utilized in comparison with an unexposed population. This was more than one year after the infection. More than 1 year after the acute phase of infection, the virus positive patients reported having more disabilities than the participants who were virus negative. The persistent disabilities were

Imagine Mr. X, a resident of Mumbai who is suffering from high fever, severe headache (behind the eyes), and nausea and vomiting. He also complains of excruciating joint pain. He has started to develop a petechial rash. Mr. X goes to his physician who orders some blood tests. His CBC shows decreased platelets and NS-1 antigen test is positive. What am I talking about? You guessed it right! DENGUE!

The symptoms of Ebola are a fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, vomiting, stomach pain, sore throat, diarrhea, weakness and occasionally read eyes, rashes, hiccups, and internal and external bleeding and since these symptoms are not specific to Ebola, it is difficult to clinically diagnose and can often be confused with other viruses. The ELISA testing, short for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and virus isolation are a couple of examples of the types of laboratory testing that can be done to diagnose and Ebola patient. Because of how easily it can be transmitted, it is extremely difficult to treat and there is no approved, official treatment. As of now, there is not standard treatment but usually the patients are given fluids and oxygen, have their blood pressure monitored and other necessary treatment. To prevent transmission and spreading the virus, the doctors use extreme caution and wear head to toe protective gear and isolate the patient. Even though the Ebola virus is common in Africa, there has been no known outbreak in the United States. Another difficulty facing scientists and the treatment for Ebola is that the natural reservoir for the virus unknown. The natural reservoir of a virus is it’s long term host of the

Yellow fever is defined as an acute haemorrhagic fever, sometimes associated with extensive hepatic necrosis and jaundice. The disease is said to be caused by insect-borne flavivirus that is also a single stranded RNA virus. (Strayer, R. R. D. (2011).Yellow fever virus is an Alpha virus belonging to the Flaviridae virus family that uses primates as monkeys as its primary reservoir and transmitted to hosts such as humans using mosquito vectors called Aedes aegypti. Once the virus has been introduced into humans, several clinical manifestations present in the beginning such as fever, chills, headaches, nausea, vomiting etc... (Tortora, F. C. (2014).These symptoms followed by signs of hepatic failure ,where the liver damage caused by the deposition of bile salts in the skin and mucous membrane noted as the yellowing of the skin, this is the reason why the disease resulted from the infection is called Yellow fever. (Tortora, F. C. (2014) .Yellow fever is preventable if the virus has not been introduced into the human host yet, due to the presence of an effective vaccine currently being used worldwide. This review literature review examines the vaccine developed to prevent yellow fever. This done by looking at how the vaccine generate immunity, its effectiveness, the downsides of using the vaccine and if they are, some of the ways to improve the vaccine.

The following is a brief description of the infection cycle. A person is bitten by an infected mosquito. The young parasite takes up residence in a lymph node or lymphatic vessel, then it matures into an adult producing microfilariae (larvae) that circulate in the blood. This damages the lymph node, eventually making it nonfunctional. The body’s lymphatic system is designed to fight infection, so the lymph nodes become inflamed and fevers result as the body struggles in vain to overcome this pathogen. In addition, lymphatic fluid

In our world, in every ecosystem there are a millions of different types of viruses that exist. In this paper we are going to talk about one specific emerging arbovirus called Chikunganya virus. About thousands of people have been affected by Chikungunya virus throughout the world. During the years of 2005 and 2006, the virus altered over a millions of people in the Africa, Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Now, Chikungunya virus have spread to Europe, South American and North America. Chikungunya is a viral disease that is spread by mosquitoes. There are two type of mosquitos that spread this disease that we will talk further into in this paper. There is no signs or researches that the virus can be passed on or spread by contact from

Although throughout history only about 2% of humans infected happened to be fatal, the other 98% suffered through a wide variation of symptoms that focused on different aspects of the body1. In humans, Rift Valley fever can have an incubation period of 2 to 6 days with some patients showing no signs and a majority of the others suffering from flu-like symptoms, such as vomiting, headaches, limb pains, and diarrhea2. These minor symptoms can last from 2 to 7 days before the patient’s adaptive immune response is implemented and begins its fight against the virus, followed by a complete, or nearly complete, recovery2,3. Though these symptoms seem like common ailments that exist everywhere today and are practically harmless in the long run, Rift Valley fever has the potential to turn them into a lifelong nuisance.