Case Study: Birads

Being able to identify lumps, swelling, tissue damage, cysts, and the overwhelming news of the sex of a baby all have something in common, an ultrasound. Swelling of the spleen, kidney stones, blood clots, aneurysms, cancer and so much more can be identified through the works of an ultrasound’s imaging technique. Ultrasound involves many concepts, procedures, and careers. The amount of medical possibilities involved with ultrasounds is useful in major medical diagnostics. The field of ultrasounds and career opportunities are widely growing. As medical careers flourish, needs for technicians in many fields of medicine are increasing. Instead of a doctor choosing complex and risky surgery to find out problems within the body, they can now

I was 20 years old when I had my first myomectomy due to multiple fibroids. After few years, the condition worsened. My major concern at that time was only if my fibroids were shrinking or growing bigger when I would look at the screen during the ultrasound. I was very keen to learn about Diagnostic Sonography to be able to know and help others with the same issue I was suffering from since long. By going through this condition, I felt I could definitely help others.

The M category tells whether there are distant metastases (spread of cancer to other parts of body).

Tests to see if you have other types of tumors in other parts of the body.

It arises from the melanocytes. Melanomas often resemble moles and it is very important to know the difference between the two. Melanomas are usually black or brown but can also be skin-colored. They form a large flat spreading lesion with a rough border. On the contrary, a mole usually has an organized color and even contour, and no longer than the end of a pencil eraser (6mm). The greatest risk factor is those who are genetically predisposed to the disease. It occurs more in men, redheads, and severe UV exposure experiencing severe sunburn as in childhood. An oncogene called BRAF is responsible for ⅔ of cases of melanoma in men although it does not appear to trigger melanoma in woman although it has been connected to some breast cancer and ovarian cancer in women. The BRAF mutation is commonly found in moles. To recognize melanoma The American Cancer Society created an “ABCD rule”: A for asymmetry-irregular shape; B for border irregularity-not smooth but wavy, wrinkled, scalloped or rough. C for Color- black, brown, skin colored-tan, and even sometimes red or blue; and D for diameter greater than 6mm. The survival rate of metastatic melanoma is slim with the average patient living only 6 months after diagnosis and only around 5-14% surviving after 5 years (Saladin,

The patient had facial and acral lesions which biopsy confirmed trichilemmomas and acral keratosis. Thyroid and breast sonography showed multiple benign nodules which was

Over Undiagnosed lumps and Bumps: - Tumours - If you are unsure of any lumps and bumps in the

tumors have invaded below the epidermis and into the dermis but are small and have no high

Interventional Radiology referred him to call Ultrasound, CT Scan and Cath lab. He called ultrasound and they disclaimed that they have seen patient Tovar. CT scan duplicated the same

In this case study the patient’s regular physician referred her to a clinic to have a mole examined. The patient’s mole is located on the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. That means the mole is below her left breast. Given a more descriptive detail of the mole location; it is in the anterior truck position in the front of Mrs. Miller body. Mrs. Miller mole is inferior to the thoracic and superior to the pelvis in the abdominal region. Which means the mole is above her umbilical region. To examine the patient she must lie in a supine position laying face upward (Patton & Thibodeau, 2014, pg. 8-11). During the operation, the physician notices a similar mole in the occipital region of Mrs. Miller body. The occipital region is located on the back of lower skull. Mrs. Miller has to be placed in a prone position to be scanned. Mrs. Miller body will be laying face downward. (Patton & Tibodeau, 2014, pg 9&15).

Melanoma should be suspected in any skin lesion that is asymmetric, that has an irregular border that is variegated or dark in color, that is larger than 6 mm in diameter, or that is elevated”.

In-situ carcinomas were divided into three grades; Solid, cribriform and micropapillary carcinomas were designated as grade I and classified as grade II if they had intermediate cytomorphology. While Comedo-carcinoma has been placed in grade III. (54)

In the past, the imaging modality of choice has been computed tomography. However, there are growing concerns about radiation exposure. As a result, many doctors are utilizing sonography as the modality of choice to image organs. HCC can take on a variety of appearances when imaged using ultrasound. However, ultrasound images are becoming more advanced which allows the sonographer to more accurately discover irregularities and tumors in the liver. Ultrasound also allows the sonographer to determine to what extent a tumor or cancer has affected the vasculature of the liver.1

Stage 2 and Stage 3 cancer has invaded the chest (if large tumors are present its stage 3)

S: Patient complaining about breast pain. States that the pain has gotten worse since when it first started. There was a change in size and a lump on the left breast.