Case Study CHF

A 68 year old male presented to the emergency department at 0800 hours via ambulance after experiencing chest discomfort and intermittent palpitations since 0500 hours. Prior to presentation, the patient stated he

The history, briefly, this is a 66-year-old gentleman who presented to the hospital for an elective admission because he was failing outpatient diuresis. The patient complained of increased shortness of breath, weight gain and lower extremity edema for 3 weeks. He had no (UI) symptoms, no chest pain. He did have (dyspnea exertion) at 8 blocks, now worse, and had recently gone from 2 pillow orthopnea to (three) pillow orthopnea. He denies post-op PND. He also complained of skin lesions over his chest, back, arms and upper thighs, which were new onset and pruritic.

Physical Examination: General: The patient is an alert, oriented male appearing his stated age. He appears to be in moderate distress. Vital signs: blood pressure 132/78 and pulse 68 and regular. Temperature is 38.56 oC (101.4 oF). HEENT:Normocephalic, atraumatic. Pupils were equal, round, and reactive to light. Ears are clear. Throat is normal. Neck: The neck is supple with no carotid bruits. Lungs: The lungs are clear to auscultation and percussion. Heart: Regular rate and rhythm. Abdomen:Bowel sounds are normal. There is rebound tenderness with maximal discomfort on palpation in the right lower quadrant. Extremities: No clubbing, cyanosis, or edema.

I was well versed with the patient’s medical history and current treatment, as I was the Long Call IM PGY – II Resident who supervised the medical intern when this patient was being downgraded from the ICU to the medical floor on 5/20/17 (and even suggested to the medical intern to add in her notes that the patient would benefit from statins, ACE inhibition and Spironolactone given CAD, CVA and HFrEF (LVEF < 35%.) The medical team subsequently started the patient on Atorvastatin 40 MG PO QHS, Lisinopril 10 MG PO QD and Spironolactone 12.5 MG PO QD.

PAST MEDICAL/SURGICAL HISTORY: As above. SOCIAL HISTORY: Status post heavy smoking, 50+-pack-year history. He quit 10 years ago. Status post alcohol abuse, quit 3 or 4 years ago. He lives by himself and no longer drives but has 2 daughters here in Miami who take him where he needs to go. FAMILY HISTORY: Patient’s wife died 14 years ago of COPD due to lifelong smoking. Brother has diabetes mellitus. Unremarkable family history otherwise. REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: No fever, no nausea, no vomiting. Patient has incontinence of bowel. No shortness of breath, no chest pain, no palpitations. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Well-developed, well-nourished white male who is alert and oriented x3. Wears bilateral hearing aids. Afebrile with blood pressure 130/70. NECK: No carotid bruits. LUNGS: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. HEART: S1, S2 normal. No murmur. No S3 or S4. ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender. No arterial bruits. No masses, no organomegaly. EXTREMITIES: No edema. No pulses present in the lower extremities. The right great toe is absent. The left great toe shows a 2 x 1 cm deep ulcer with redness around the toe with pus extruding. PLAN 1. Get consult with Dr. Beth Brian, Infectious Disease. 2. Follow up with Dr. Hirsch, Orthopedics. (Continued)

States that it started 3 days back and uses oxygen at home. States that he is a former smoker and laying on his back feels better. Also says he has a list of medication, more than 20. Pt has a history of COPD, CHF, DM,morbid obesity, HTN, HLM, hypothyroid, and sleep apnea. Has no accessory muscle use. CC is shortness of breath. Assessment is that there is no deformities or trauma of the head or neck area. Chest shows no signs of deformities or trauma. The abdominal area is tender and warm to the touch. Pelvis and back was not assessed. The upper and lower extremities show signs of low circulation and swelling. PMS=4. I helped with placing the BP cuff on the left arm and attaching it to the monitor. First vitals were recorded. O2 was given by the Nurse and then Albuterol by nebulizer. After 30 minutes, I assisted the Nurse and other hospital workers in moving the PT to a bigger bed. Second set of vitals were recorded. After becoming stable the Pt was moved up to the floor.

shortness of breath. Pain improved with sublingual Nitroglycerine and Aspirin given by EMS. On arrival to ED his blood pressure was 154/94, HR 70 bpm, RR 19 and SpO2 98% in room air. Heart, lung, abdominal and neurological examinations were unremarkable.

“The patient is Adam Rudd, a 78 y/o white male with a history of hypertension. He has been diagnosed with hypertension past 15 years and is on anti-hypertensive medications and aspirin. He is very weak and short of breath. He is accompanied with his longtime friend Jennifer, who reports that Rudd was looking very weak and was complaining of severe headache and blurred vision before coming to the hospital. He is 5’9” and weighs 270 lb. Vital signs recorded were: oral temperature 98.20 F, BP 224/120 mm Hg with a heart rate of 102 beats/minute and respiration of 24 breaths per minute. The pulse oximetry reading was 94% on room air. He is complaining of severe headache and blurred vision. Rudd said that he did not take his antihypertensive medication or aspirin since he ran out of pills. He has not been taking his medication for past 15 days. He reports no known allergies to any medications or other substances.”

At CTPA study performed at the time excluded any pulmonary emboli and the report made comment of a moderate sized right-sided pleural effusion with compressive atelectasis. There was no comment on the report of any parenchymal infiltrate and I have not cited the images myself. CRP was 113. He was given a presumptive diagnosis of pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion and commenced an Augmentin Duo Forte and doxycycline. In

You had a recent episode of lower leg edema (swelling) which your primary care physician prescribed Lasix (medicine to get rid of fluid). You vital signs were within normal limits and there was no oxygen saturation (rest) provided. Your electrocardiogram (recording of your heart activity) was Sinus (normal). In emergency room you received 30 milligram of Lovenox (blood thinner) and Methylprednisolone (medicine to help with breathing). You were admitted, started on aspirin, Cardiac enzymes (test) were done and your first troponin (test) was negative (no other results provided). You were continued on Prednisone (medicine) 10 milligram daily; restarted on Coumadin (blood thinner), Diltiazem (medicine), and a low salt diet was recommended as well as you received Albuterol via a nebulizer (breathing treatment) every 4 hours. Your pulmonary (breathing specialist) consult states that the shortness of breath was most likely due to deconditioning (changes in body with inactivity), obesity (over weight), and less likely due to Sarcoidosis (inflammatory disease). Chest pain syndrome was musculoskeletal (muscle-bone) in origin as it was reproducible (pain present when area is pushed

The patient is an 86-year-old female who was brought to the emergency room because of bilateral leg swelling. She was recently discharged from the Arbor Glen Reha and she's developed increasing bilateral leg edema. Her medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease stage II, anemia which is a chronic, ulcer in the sacral ulcer stage III and she denies any other symptoms. Review of the lab work does show a bump in her creatinine from 1.27 baseline in February of 18 to 1.54 on this admission with an increase in her BUN. She also demonstrates a mild anemia of 10 with a MCV of 90. Her edema is described as massive by the attending physician. PT examination reveals she needs significant assistance to moneuver her

O: A & O X 3, in no acute distress, no edema of left lateral rib cage, some redness to 1 inch below clavicle. Full ROM, bilateral lung sounds clear, full lung expansion, full active and passive ROM of left arm. Able to deep breath and cough with

Mr. Garcia’s BP is 154/94, HR is 92, and respiratory rate is 20. The health care provider found him to have lightly bluish color to his lower extremity. The patient also had visible varicosities as well as 1+ edema that ends just above his ankles.

A: Janie is a 60 year old Female with PMH of A-Fib, COPD, Hypothyroidism, HTN, Lung Cancer and recently diagnosed Pulmonary Embolism. Janie presents to ER for evaluation on SOB, cough with greenish sputum, sore thoart, hoarseness and generalized weakness. Janie lives at home with her husband, use to smoke ½ pack per week, but quit many years ago, denies alcohol or drugs. Family history is non-contributory. Allergies: NKDA. Differential diagnosis includes worsening Lung Ca, PE, COPD and CHF. Janie uses home O2 at 4 L/NC. V/S: T=98.7, HR=89, R=16, B/P=132/56, O2 sats=100% on 4L/NC, Pain=6/10. Labs: WBC=7.6, H&H=8.5/27, Na=141, Troponin=0.08/0.06, BNP=495, INR=4.2, UA=3+ protein, 1+ blood and 6-10 RBC. CXR: Impression:1). COPD with nonspecific coarsening of the basilar interstitium. 2). Mild cardiomegaly with borderline cardiac compensation. 3). Right

Patient is a 45 yo male; 5’7”, 221 lbs who entered the emergency room at 6:30 am on 9/7/14 with severe chest pain (onset at 6:00 am) radiating to his arm, L arm numbness and nausea and vomiting. Past medical history reported by wife includes peptic ulcer, tobacco use (1-2ppd for 27 years), elevated blood pressure (controlled by lopressor). Wife did not know of any family history but reports patient’s father is deceased, died at 42 in his sleep. Mother alive and with high blood pressure.