1.1. Hibiscus rosa-sinens
The mucilage of this plant has disintegrating properties, it contains L-rhamnose, D-galactose, D-galactouronic acid, and D-glucuronic acid [6,28]. Shah and Patel prepared acelofenac ODT by DC using 6% of this disintegrant, the disintegration time was found to be 20 seconds. The results of Swelling Ratio (SR) , angle of repose, bulk density and compressibility index were observed as 9, 26.5oC, 0.65g/cc and 16% respectively [40] which indicates excellent flow and good compressibility according to European pharmacopeia classification [41].
1.2. Gellan Gum (Kelcogel®)
Gellan gum (figure 5) is a linear anionic water soluble biodegradable polysaccharide obtained from Pseudomonos elodea. It consists of tetrasaccharide repeat structure [5,6]. It showed disintegrating properties compared to that of other commercially available disintegrants. Upon solvatation, swells rapidly -being hydrophilic- and cause tablet disintegration. At 4%, it showed good disintegration profile and less time needed for 90% drug release compared to Ac-di-sol and Kollidone CL [42].
It is extracted from carob tree seeds. It is used as thickening, gelling, disintegrating and binding agent [10, 43]. Malik et al studied the use of locust bean gum as superdisintegrant in orodispersible tablets and proposed that the mechanism of
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Gum Karaya (other names :terculia, Indian tragacanth, Bassoratragacanth, kadaya, Kadira and katila) occurs as a partially acetylated derivative. It is used as suspending agent, emulsifying agent, dental adhesive, sustaining agent in tablets and bulk laxative [49]. Bansal and Sharma reported the use of modified karaya gum in orally disintegrating tablets of ondansetron hydrochloride and found it can be used as alternative to other conventional disintegrants, where it showed lower time of disintegration, and better availability and price
Aspirin, Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this, the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms, causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel. Once separated, the components extracted were characterized by measuring the melting point and performing a TLC analysis. Also, the recovered aspirin from the first part of the experiment was recrystallized and compared to that of the
Hopewell, GA. This was an agreement set forth by the State of Georgia, that established
Separation and Purification of the Components of an Analgesic Tablet. Cora Bruno, Lab Section E. Aspirin, Caffeine and Acetaminophen were separated from four analgesic tablets of Excedrin using extraction techniques. 5% wt/vol NaHCO3, 4M HCL, ethyl acetate and deionized water were used to separate the three active components. MgSO4 was used to dry each extraction. Aspirin was isolated using a hot water bath and weighed to determine the percent theoretical recovery and the actual percent recovery of aspirin. After separation, Aspirin (ASA), Caffeine (CAF), and Acetaminophen (ACE) were purified and identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Standards and purified ASA, CAF, and ACE were spotted on the silica gel (stationary phase) of the
We tested three different brands of bubble gum. The three brands are Bubble Yum, Bazooka, and Bubblicious. There were 3 people that blew bubbles for our experiment. My Mom, Dad, and myself were the three bubble blowers. We each read a couple of articles on the best way to blow big bubbles. We then chewed each piece of gum for three minutes before blowing the bubble. We used a ruler to measure the diameter of the bubble in centimeters. Through my research, I believe that the bubble gum with the highest sugar content will blow the biggest bubble.
The hypothesis was formed under the thought that the fastest dissolving pill would be the most effective because the sooner the ingredients and materials were realized, the sooner they would be able to attack and neutralize the pain, therefore getting the job done quicker or more efficiently. The hypothesis was not supported because, overall, the first two pills to dissolve were both children’s pain killers and were “junior strength”. Therefore, these medicines could not have been the most effective because the strength is significantly weakened to accommodate to young kids, and would not be as effective as normal strength medicines. In order to accurately determine the time taken for the pills to dissolve inside the body, it is very important to create a solution similar to stomach acid. Stomach acid was simulated by heating vinegar, which has the same ph level of stomach acid and shares other similarities in makeup and properties. The vinegar was heated to 36.7 degrees Celsius and constantly stirred to represent the temperature and motion of stomach acid. Eight different pills were timed to see how fast they dissolved. Each type of pill was tested three times in order to find an average for each medicine. The pills tested were Advil, Children’s Advil Grape Flavored, Ibuprofen, Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Tylenol, Tylenol Liquid Gels, Aleve, and Aleve Liquid Gels. The children's strength pills were the first two medicines to dissolve. Aleve was the slowest to dissolve and took almost two hours to dissolve. The liquid gel capsules were the second and third slowest pills to dissolve. In order, from fastest to slowest to dissolve, the medicines were Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Children’s Advil
Have you ever taken a bite into a fresh piece of gum and just died?The first chews of gum are the perfect way to start a soon to end experience. The way your tongue dissolve the booming flavor like a baby kicking for the first time ,but it's not the first time...it's maybe the 100th.Or like meeting someone you heard of ,but not met personally .The exciting part is when you're in the middle where the flavor is shy, but acting out at random moments. You chew and chew and chew and chew and chew and chew and with every bite into that clumped of piece of gum filled with saliva and 10 million thriving bacteria. The minty air rushes through your nose relieving your breath of a deadly stench…...and then it ends out of nowhere, but you chew and chew
In almost every book you read, you will find that someone always has to go on some sort of journey or quest (Rice). If you examine each quest closely, you will notice that they are all very similar (Rice). When things are used repeatedly like that, they are said to have an archetypal pattern (Rice). The quest on which all these heroes go on is referred to as the archetypal quest (Rice). “The Wizard of Oz” focuses on a small-town girl living in Kansas. “The Epic of Gilgamesh” focuses on an arrogant king who rules the city of Uruk. The Wizard of Oz and The Epic of Gilgamesh were written 5000 years apart, but they both contain the elements that make them archetypal quests.
In this experiment, aspirin was synthesized from acetic anhydride and salicylic acid made in order to characterize its properties and determine its purity. The purity of the aspirin was examined by its melting point, thin layer chromatography, and UV spectroscopy.
17 (Scheme 6) was purified by column chromatography (1% MeOH/DCM). The NMR showed that there was still a bit of the starting alcohol present. A second column (1% acetone/DCM) was done to separate the alcohol from the galactoside. The yield was 45%.
Not only is he considerate toward Jonas, The Giver addresses the society’s problem at the end as well. When he and Jonas decide on the plan to escape to Elsewhere, the Giver knows that the people would be defenseless against their own inexperience and that he has to stay behind to help them deal with the exceeding amount of memories. The Giver states how he doesn’t want the Rosemary incident (this time being more severe since Jonas has a year’s worth of recollections) to happen again. The Giver had already served as Receiver of Memory for decades in the community by enduring the grief that accompanied the memories, yet he still dismisses Jonas’s offer to avoid the society’s imminent problems by running away. This further confirms that the
Tablets and capsules are two of the most widely use forms of oral medication. Careful and accurate administration of tablets and capsules is critical to providing safe patient care, every effort should be taken to avoid “medication errors” and the dangerous effects they may have on a patient. Some tablets and capsules are formulated with special coatings to manage their discharge and therapeutic effectiveness; crushing, chewing then ingesting them can increase the risk of an adverse reaction. David C. Wordell RPh describes in his article “Should You Crush That Tablet?” “some categories of drugs you shouldn’t alter.” These drugs includes, “sustained release tablets and capsules,” “enteric coated tablets” and “sublingual and buccal tablets.” This literature
Marcela Ramirez-Campos Y et al reported that the effect of formulation variables on verapamil hydrochloride release from hydrated HPMC matrices, among different variables that influence drug release from hydrated hydrophilic matrices, the polymer proportion, the drug dose and the matrix pH can be included. The release profiles showed zero order kinetics for drug dissolution proportions up to 70%.The increase of the matrix pH from 5.0 to 8.0 increased the release rate. The effect of both pH and drug load becomes lesser as the matrix polymer proportion increases from 5% to 15% w/w.
“And who am I? That's one secret I’ll never tell.. You know you love me. xoxo - Gossip Girl,” this famous opening from the show “Gossip Girl” which represented the mystery in the show until the very end. “Gossip girl,” a show that let the audience in the lives of manhattan's elite. “Gossip Girl” is a blogger who spills secrets of the teens of New York’s upper east side. Blair Waldorf the queen bee of Constance Billard’s school, Serena van der Woodsen her beautiful best friend and occasional rival. Chuck Bass the “bad boy” who loves to have fun, and then there’s Nate Archibald; Chucks best friend, who wants to be able to plan his own life out. The secrets of these characters and many more are spilled and we watch them get caught up this drama that
Have you ever wondered how gelatin gets shape? This research paper is going to talk about additives that make the strongest gelatin. Terms that will be discussed in this paper include gelatin, molecule, collagen, and protein.
Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side