Case Study: Hibiscus Gellan Gum

Aspirin, Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this, the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms, causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel. Once separated, the components extracted were characterized by measuring the melting point and performing a TLC analysis. Also, the recovered aspirin from the first part of the experiment was recrystallized and compared to that of the

Acetic Anhydride and p-Aminophenol were heated in a vial attached to an air condenser to synthesize crude acetaminophen, resulting in 0.097 grams (47.48% yield). The crude acetaminophen was then recrystallized in a solvent of water and methanol over heat resulting in 0.082 grams (39.61% yield) of pure acetaminophen. Melting points of both crude and pure acetaminophen were taken, and found to be 165.9 - 170.9°C and 168.2 - 171.5°C, respectively. The literature melting point of acetaminophen is 169.5 – 171.0°C, indicating that our final product was pure.

Children love eating candies. On the other side, adults know that these treats are dangerous and not healthy for the figure and the longevity. However, people often cannot avoid gummy candies even though they know the health risks. The video in this article will help you stop being addicted to gummy candies.

The type of additive used during crystallization had a significant effect on the hardness of crystallized xylitol tablets (Fig. 9a–d). Except for crystallized xylitol–PEG at high compression forces, crystallized xylitols in the presence of different additives (PEG, PVP or PVA) at various concentrations showed significant improvement in compactibility compared to that of commercial xylitol (Fig. 9a–d). By comparison, tablets consisting of commercial xylitol and crystallized xylitol–PEG 0.3% demonstrated the poorest tablet hardness (Fig. 9–b). The cohesivity and adhesivity between particles of powder with poor flowability could induce poorer tablet hardness. Tablet hardness was highest when xylitol was crystallized in the presence of 1.2% PVP and 0.03% PVA16000 (Fig. 9–a, c). At a compression pressure of 1000

The solubility data is shown in Table I and it is presented in Figs.1, 2 and 3. The solubility of fenoprofen amongst various oils investigated was found to be highest in oleic acid (198.93±2.91mg/ml) followed by triacetin, labrafil M1944, capryol 90. The solubility of drug was insignificantly different between labrafac lipophil, IPM, and labrafac PG. Amongst surfactants, labrasol showed maximum solubility (129.17±1.4mg/ml) followed by tween 80, and span 20. Propylene glycol showed highest solubility among the cosurfactants (210.5±1.57mg/ml), followed by glycerol, plurol oleique, and lauroglycol 90.

Ketoprofen has very low solubility in water (52 mg/L) and in acid solutions. This poor solubility is explained by the presence of an aromatic lipophilic group. Ketoprofen is more soluble in basic solutions but then degrades rapidly, demonstrating the instability of such basic solutions.In order to overcome the ketoprofen solubility problems, several methods have been proposed, including the use of a co-solvent or the formation of complexes or nitrogen salts of ketoprofen. Aqueous solutions of such complexes or nitrogen salts present a pH equal to or greater than

Marshmallow is a type of honey candy that was flavoured and thickened with a marsh-mallow plant sap which is originated in ancient Egypt. The juice from marsh mallow plant’s root is extracted and cooked with egg whites and sugar, then the mixture is whipped into foamy meringue which is later hardened. Nineteenth century doctors created this medicinal candy to soothe children’s sore throats. But today, marshmallow is a type of confectionary that consist sugar syrup, aerating agent and stabilising agent which usually gelatine. Gelatine is an aerating agent that is most popular used for marshmallow as it produces stable foams of light and airy texture (Groves, 1995; Jackson, 1995).gelatine is very effective in preventing air bubbles in the system

Pathos is the emotions triggered in yourself or other people. Feelings are infectious and the commercial business knows this. The purpose of this Extra Gum commercial was to persuade the audience to buy their product. The song in the commercial "Can't Help Falling In Love" sets the feel of the commercial and draws the crowds consideration towards the item.This commercial tries to convince the audience that the use of the gum can also be for love and compassion and not just for good smelling minty breath. It gives the buyers hope that they may find romance in their life if they buy extra gum.

For Gum B is selected, 40ȼ is enough to release Gum B and the outcome will change into Figure 26 in a second. For Gum A is selected, 30ȼ is enough to release Gum A and the outcome will change into Figure 26 in a second. 7-Segment-Displacement changed into 00ȼ, LEDR1 light showed state 10 and LEDR3 light as DONE equal to 1. However, it only last for a second then return to state 00. When KEY3 was pressed, everything back to their default setting, which at state 00.Start button is needed to activate this vending machine.

I found that on an experiment being the same as mine that chewing gum does help you concentrate. 53 students chewed gum and 58 didn’t chew any gum. Craig Johnston of the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, led the study of this experiment. A man named William Wrigley Jr issued a press release, which stated “The researchers found that students who chewed gum showed an increase in standardised math test scores, and their final grades were better compared to those who didn’t chew gum,” (Abrahams). These details were discovered in 2008 on the US government’s ClinicalTrials.gov website, for everybody- scinetists and the public. ClinicalTrials.gov’s records show the differences in the grades of the test scores to be a very small difference. Also, in 2009 Uwe Tanzer of the University of Oldenburg. Two of his colleagues had 8-9 year old students. They had some students chew gum and others chew gum while taking a 16 minute concentration test.

The chewy candy we love so much today first was made in 1974 at first skittles were in great britain for five years until in 1979 the north americans were introduced to the rainbow known as the skittles after three years of being imported to north america from the UK skittles started being manufactured in the US like it did in great britain. There are not as much skittle flavors a there were at the beginning americas favorites of skittle colors and flavors are 1. Purple- grape flavor 2. Orange- orange flavored 3. Pink- strawberry 4. Yellow- lemon and 5. Green- lime another thing is in 2009 skittles became introduced to social media utilizing the internet and social platforms as a way of reaching more customers as well as having its own website

Precondition for the absorption of an orally administered drug is its release from the formulation in dissolved form. When drug is complexed with cyclodextrin, dissolution rate and consequently absorption is enhanced. Reducing the hydrophobicity of drugs by cyclodextrin complexation also improves their percutaneous or rectal absorption. In addition to improving solubility, cyclodextrins also prevent crystallization of active ingredients by complexing individual drug molecules so that they can no longer self-assemble into a crystal

Flucloxacillin is extensively used in the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible organisms. It breaks down easily in the presence of moisture and the breakdown products are responsible for the hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals. This study sought to investigate the effect of starch and plain carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on flucloxacillin stability, determine the rate of reaction for the decomposition of flucloxacillin in the presence of starch and plain CMC and finally to determine the amount of starch and plain CMC that retards/slows down the decomposition of flucloxacillin: Fixed amounts of flucloxacillin sodium (250mg) were mixed with varying amounts of dried starch and dried plain carboxymethyl cellulose (plain CMC). The formulations were put in airtight containers and kept at room temperature (25±2°C) for two and half months. Iodimetry was used to monitor the amounts of flucloxacillin in the formulations over the stated period. The formulations with the dried plain CMC were more stable than formulations with dried starch. The percentage flucloxacillin breakdown for the dried starch formulations were 28.47, 24.67, 27.32 and 25.20% respectively for 75, 125, 150 and 250 mg of dried starch respectively. The percentage flucloxacillin breakdown for the dried plain CMC formulations were 27.40, 22.63, 23.07 and 20.57% respectively for 75, 125, 150 and 250 mg of the dried plain CMC The breakdown process followed first order kinetics. The rate

2015) to enhance its bioavailability. By choosing proper processing parameters, a solid lipid dispersion with particle size below 200 nm could be obtained that significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of fenofibrate compared to a commercial product. In another study, a conjugation of a sonication probe with an extruder was used to fabricate a nanostructure lipid carrier loaded with lidocaine (Bhagurkar, Repka et al. 2016). The lipid nanosuspension was formulated to a topical gel for cutaneous pain management. The drug release profile of the dosage form was governed by drug release from the lipid matrix, and thus it was claimed to have extended release effect. Even though extrusion emulsifying effect is not as powerful as that of high speed homogenizers or colloidal mills, it poses a potential to integrate into a continuous manufacturing process.

Tablet that contains a core covered with coatings is the most common form of medicine. In order to determine the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in this heterogenetic system, Raman techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, Raman depth profiling and Raman imaging are utilized as well suitable tools because many drugs’ molecular structures are Raman active.