Case Study Kyle's Vo2 Max

Functional Aerobic Impairment (FAI) was the next value looked at. FAI assesses the difference between a people’s aerobic capacity based on age, gender, and usual activity level. It’s measured by a percentage and used to determine the level of aerobic impairment a test subject may have (Franklin, 1989). There are five different categories that the different percentages fall under: no significance, mild, moderate, marked, and extreme. Looking at the results above, all but one of the females had a negative percentage, while all of the males had positive percentages. The lower the FAI score or percentage the better, this means the test subject has a higher VO_2max than what was predicted, giving them a better health status. The negative values,

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

Brooks GA, Fahey TD, Baldwin KM (2005). Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Application. 4th Edition

The definition of VO2 is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise. The definition of METs is the ratio of metabolic rate during a specific physical activity. The relationship between METs and activity are, the higher the MET level the more calories that are burnt and the higher METs the more intense the activity. The more Oxygen consumed during a VO2 maximal test, the more carbon dioxide is being produced, this raises the RER, RR, HR etc. A warm up before VO2 testing and a higher MET activity are important. A warm up will prime the body to make sure you are ready for the activity. Then , when you perform you must have a cool down to help lower your heart rate and replenish oxygen from the strenuous activity. Comparing my VO2 (48.8) in a national standards chart, I am in the 75th percentile. Using METs and Max VO2 is very helpful in making a program. You know what level of MET activity the client can withstand and you can control the intensity. Also, having HR zones, points where lactic acid build up starts and a plethora of data at your fingertips to manipulate in order to better train a client.

These components include aerobic power, which can be typically described as VO2 max, this is the maximal amount of oxygen the body can take in and use efficiently. The amount of oxygen taken in can be influenced greatly by the cardiovascular systems ability to deliver oxygenated blood to exercising muscles, the lungs ability to oxygenate the blood and the muscles ability to use the oxygen and extract it for sustained contractions. Disease and inactivity therefore can impair or inhibit these factors consequently reducing a persons ability to function.

In the study conducted by Edward H Robinson and Jeffrey R Stout, the use of one weekly interval session at vVO₂max led to a 3% improvement in vVO₂max and a 6% improvement in running(4).The interval duration was set to be 50% of the individual time that the athletes could sustain vVO₂max (the time that VO₂max can be sustained is called tlimvVO₂max or Tmax) which averaged around 3 minutes. The optimum length of VO₂max intervals is not clear although positive results have been found with a range of different interval lengths from 30 seconds up to 3-4

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

The Balke treadmill test was used to estimate your maximum VO2 measurement, and to determine your aerobic fitness percentile. Based on your time and the chart corresponding to your age on page ninety-three of the ACSM guidelines book, your VO2 maximum would be about nineteen and a half milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute of oxygen [1]. This is the

During the race there will be the increased demand for O2 (VO2) in both runners in response to the increased activity of the skeletal muscles. To supply this increased VO2, CO will be increased (Hlastala & Berger, 2001).This will be an easier task for Ruth’s heart as her SV is high due to increased EDV (Frank-Starling law) compared to James’ heart which has a lower SV, so at maximum HR Ruth will have a higher CO (Silverthorn, 2014). This means that the maximum volume of O2 that Ruth can use (VO2 max) will be higher than James’ VO2 max (Hlastala & Berger,

including running on a treadmill to exhaustion were performed on fifteen participants to record their maximal heart rate and oxygen consumption. Participants ages ranged from 8 to 28 years, and body fat percentages from 14.9% to 33%. After the first tests were completed and the participants allowed their rates to reach normal levels then endured simulated 30 minute motocross races to measure biochemical and functional alterations caused by the racing heat. The results of that test displayed that every one of the participants spent at least 87% of the

The results of this test show that it provides a valid test to estimate aerobic capacity and shows there is a small measurement of error. A polar heart rate monitor was used to measure the heart rate with a step of 30cm in height with a metronome with a beat at 15 steps, per minute and increased by 5 steps every minute for 5 stages or until 80% of the maximum estimated heart rate was reached. The results demonstrated that the Chester Step technique is a valid predictor of aerobic capacity in males and females from a wide range of ages and fitness levels.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.

Mammals consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide as part of their metabolism process in order to maintain body functions. This occurs at all times, both rest and during intense work, within mammals. During times of greater work, skeletal muscles work harder than they do at rest. This in turn increases their metabolic rate and results in a greater demand for oxygen. It has been proposed that fitness training has a positive effect on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which effect the maximum oxygen consumption rate during intense exercise periods. I hypothesize that individuals who aerobically exercise a minimum of at least 7 hours per week will have increased fitness, which will maximize their overall metabolic rates and give them higher VO2 max and VCO2 max values than individuals who do not have increased fitness. Ten males having different fitness levels were put on stationary bikes at increasing levels until exhaustion and VO2-max and VCO2-max was then measured from each individual. It was found that there was a slight upward trend between fitness-VO2max and fitness-VCO2max, although this trend was not statistically significant when represented by the T-test values through statistical analysis. Further experiments should be done in the future to verify a statistically significant correlation.