Case Study Lymphedema

The blood circulates around the body. The heart contract and relax, this mechanism of heart makes the blood to flow in the arteries to the body from heart and come back from body to heart through veins. The arteries carry oxygenated blood or oxygen rich blood and the veins carry deoxygenated blood or oxygen poor blood. This flow creates the pressure on the arterial wall and the pressure that is exerted on the arterial wall is known as blood pressure. Blood pressure is expressed by the

TSH increased because the because the level is now at an acceptable level and the Hypothalamus is not producing TRH and the Anterior

Some of the normal physiological reactions of the body to regulate blood pressure is to modulate the heartbeat of the person and/or adjust the expansion or constriction of the arterial walls and blood vessels to normalize the pressure.

1.  Blood pressure is the force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. The pressure of blood in the arteries correlates directly to the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the amount of resistance in the

Mastectomy (surgical breast removal) leaves the patient with feelings of tightness and discomfort made worse by the removal of lymph nodes. The arms usually swell (lymphedema) and there is the risk of infection and a great deal of fluid retention (seroma) around the site of the surgery.

Blood pressure in our blood vessels is monitored by the baroreceptors. These receptors send messages to the cardio regulatory center of the medulla oblongata to regulate our blood pressure every minute. In order for blood to be delivered to all organs and tissues, our cardiovascular system must always maintain adequate blood pressure. If the blood pressure drops too low, these organs will not receive an adequate of nourishing blood. Also if the pressure goes too high, the walls of the arteries will stretch and increased activity within the baroreceptor, information will then be sent through the nerves to the cardio regulatory center within the medulla which will responds by initiating the mechanisms that decrease the blood pressure to a normal

Baroreceptors located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses detect changes in blood pressure. When a drop in blood pressure is detected,

If a drop in the blood pressure occurs the organ associated will be the brain. The brain initiates messages to the heart in order for it to beat faster increasing the pressure within the vessels. An increase in the pressure increases the heart action/rate allowing more blood to flow. The normal heart rate is restored.

Lastly, blood pressure is associated with ones diet and lifestyle. It is amazing when one’s diet consist of a high intake of salt they will shows signs of hypertension. Studies have shown that people who did not use salt shown no signs of hypertension. Monitoring the intake of salt will improve blood pressure readings drastically although; it is not the only contributor to high blood pressure. Increasing activity levels has also been known the lower blood pressure readings.

The lymphatic system is excellent at protecting the human body from foreign organisms that cause cancer, bacterial and viral infections. Like other body systems, the lymphatic system has many disorders. Lymphedema is when body tissues starts to swell resulting in water retention after a mastectomy or radiation therapy. A mastectomy is surgically removing a tumor from the infected breast. The axillary lymph node is removed along with the tumor; after surgery, lymphedema occurs. To determine whether the patient has lymphedema, press a finger or thumb down on the swollen area then release it to see an indentation.

With the information found with what a patient’s blood pressure is, it helps health care providers understand the state of the patient’s health. A patient’s blood pressure measures the amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls in the patient’s heart. Blood pressure is measured in two numbers: systolic and diastolic. Systolic, the number listed first in blood pressure readings, reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.

Basically, arterial blood pressure (BP) is directly proportional to the product of blood flow (cardiac output, CO) and the resistance to passage of blood through pre-capillary arterioles (peripheral vascular resistance, PVR) Hypertension can be caused by either an increase in Cardiac Output (CO) or by an increase in Peripheral Resistance (PR)

John’s long standing Hypertension causes his heart to work harder, putting more strain on his heart and arteries. In order to achieve a gradient in pressure by which blood flows from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure, the left ventricle must exceed the increased pressure in the arterial system (Ref).

High Blood Pressure occurs when there is high pressure in the arteries and the blood vessels are narrow or stiff, which makes the heart pumps harder to get blood through the rest of the body. High Blood Pressure is a health issue that many people today are forced to live with. It is a condition that is increasing more and more each day. There is approximately about 1 in every 3 adults in the United States, which has been estimated to be around 73 million people. Among American teens and children there is about two million who are affected by high blood pressure. High Blood Pressure (HBP) brings on other health conditions such as tumors, diabetes and kidney

has to go through the heart twice and this is why it is called a