Case Study Management Services For People With Mental Illness

The strengths model is not just a philosophy or perspective, although it is that. It is rather a set of values and principles, a theory of practice, and explicit and rigorous practice methods that have been developed and refined over the last 25 years (Rapp & Goscha, 2006). The empirical testing of the case management model has shown consistent results that are superior to traditional approaches to serving people with severe psychiatric disabilities. The purpose of this literature review is to critique the effectiveness of the

Cassie presents with multidimensional and complex problems. The problems are inter related and need to be addressed concurrently. This client presents with a history of anxiety and childhood sexual abuse which manifests as post traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], social phobia (social anxiety disorder) and depression. Wagner (2008) reports a strong association between social anxiety disorder and depression. Post traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) specifically includes sexual violation as one of the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Consequentially, co-morbid symptoms create dis-regulated behaviours which may have long

The DSM IV-TR, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the authoritative book for clinicians, psychiatrists, therapists and other healthcare professionals who diagnose mental disorders. It lists the diagnostic criteria and features, differential diagnoses, course and prevalence of the disease. It is the go-t

“Everyone has an important role to play in achieving healthcare rights and contributing to safe, high quality care. Genuine partnerships between those families and carers of people receiving care and those providing it lead to the best possible outcomes.” (Western NSW Local Health District 2012).

The DSM-5 is a highly regarded compendium of diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. While many cognate professions have input and contribute data to the various disorder criteria, the various sources from which the changes are suggested can cause a conflict among the different professions that use it. Social work values can especially clash with the DSM-5 due to the high regard the profession has for the dignity and worth of its clients.

The strengths when working with clients on a medical model perspective is that the use of the DSM provides a common language to use in the medical community. The DSM provides reliability and structural guideline to each mental disorder. The structural guidelines in the DSM provide an organized list of criteria and specifiers to help determine the severity of the mental disorder. When diagnosing a client, there are many similar signs and symptoms to each mental disorder; thus, the DSM provides the clinician information about differential diagnosis, prevalence, possible co-morbidity, age of onset, and progressive development of symptoms. Hence, focusing on the medical model and using the DSM can be beneficial to both the client and the clinician providing treatment.

Conversely, resources can be accessed through the Provincial Health Services Authority, PHSA. PHSA believes that untreated mental illness can hugely impact employee health and works to support health care professionals, like nurses, to overcome emotional challenges (Provincial Health Services Authority [PHSA], 2017). Through their website, nurses suffering from a psychological injury can access resources such as the free and confidential Employee and Family Assistance Program, EFAP. Not only does EFAP provide Monday to Friday counselling services for employees, but the program also offers Critical Incident Stress Management Services, CISM. This provides 24 hour, 7 days a week triage, consultation and coaching for health care workers experiencing a traumatic event (Employee and Family Assistance Program, 2012). This program is a great tool for nurses and should be utilized whenever necessary.

As with all previous diagnostic manuals, the DSM-5 (APA, 2013) aims to provide a ‘common language’ for describing psychopathology in order to provide the best patient care for both the individuals. As useful as this manual has been in the past, worries have expressed with regards to future direction that psychiatry is moving towards following the many updates and additions made to the diagnostic criteria within the DSM-5 it has been argued “when does psychological suffering become an illness?”. The purpose of this writing is to critically discuss the necessity of a diagnosis from two stand points, firstly critiquing the negative impacts of a diagnosis for an individual and secondly the implications of a diagnosis at a professional level, the research presented points towards a diagnosis is becoming less necessary in today’s society. Lastly the future of psychiatry will be discussed to show how if diagnostic criteria becomes more scientific based then there may be more benefits

Being able to form a diagnosis properly for a client is a process that is wide-ranging and broad. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) supports recommendations and standards for identifying a diagnosis for a client. The procedure of diagnosing is more than skimming for symptoms in the DSM; one must assess, interview and identify issues, as well as refer to the DSM for a diagnosis.

According to the DSM-5 for a diagnosis, both require a client to have the following criteria:

The diagnostic process for personality disorders currently covers a broad scope of various tests and symptoms, causing a source of frustration for psychiatrists (Aldhous). The symptoms and side effects of several personality disorders can tend to blur together, making diagnosis challenging (Aldhous). Most psychiatric patients are diagnosed with several personality disorders at once, with twenty percent of people with personality disorders simply diagnosed with a “personality disorder not otherwise specified” (Aldhous). Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, commonly referred to as the DSM, psychiatrists attempt with great difficulty to categorize their patients into a specific disorder, only to diagnose

Druing recovery process of the client, they may face variety needs such as self-reconstructing, network building and also problem-solving abilities. In traditonal problem-foucus approach, intervention will only exist while presenting problem is existed . However, Strength-based apporach(SBA) has been widely used in treating people with psychiatric illness in recent yeats as it can overcome the shortcomings of PFA. Under SBA, the presenting problem itself is not main focus and practionner is not the absolue expert to tackle their problem. To be instead, it will focus on how services can be provided to the client which can help them utilize internal strength, interests and abilities. The six prinicles of SBA will include goal setting, strengths assessment, exploration of external resource, meauarable goal-attainment setting, hope-inducing relationhip building and finding meaningful choices.

The Mental Health Intensive Case Management program (MHICM) was created to improve the quality of life for people dealing with severe mental illness. Also to helped build skills that one can use to live successfully in the community at large. Veterans who are referred to MHICM are male and female range in age from there early twenty’s to their eighties. Unfortunately the main diagnosed for many of these veterans is schizophrenia and other severe mood disorders. “No one symptom or sign is found in all individuals; rather, the final diagnosis rest upon the total symptom picture” (E. Fuller Torrey, 2001) Veterans who are in the program, suffer from a wide range of complex needs such as finding food, shelter and clothing

While reviewing the article Diagnosing for Status and Money, Summary of the Critique of the DSM, a few things seemed to jump off the page. The DSM-5 while a well written and no longer intimidating to me appears to have a slant towards managed care organizations vice actual counselors. Having a manual that provides simplistic codes universally used between doctors that treat physical ailments and those who treat psychological ailments is critical; however, the focus must always be the patient. The text contains subjective qualifiers which provides the counselor the ability to use multiple diagnosis, either over diagnosing or underdiagnosing. The DSM-5 appears to provide care from a medication management prospective over psychotherapy

“The 1980s was the rising of strengths-based approach, which is now coming to be one of the most influential perspectives in the field of both social work theories and practice, drawing on the humanistic approach emphasizing the potential of the individual. It began at the University Of Kansas School Of Social Welfare” (Rapp, 1998). The shift to a strength-based perspective was concerned originally as a strategy for working with persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses, (Berg-Weger, 2016). According to Davis& Mizrahi (2008) a strength perspective is a paradigm shift away from problem focused approaches. It focuses not on the defectiveness of the client system in an