Case Study : Mini 3 : How It And How Does It Help?

It is a communication method for bits traveling to the design location between input, memory, processors, and output devices. The bit also represents the physical lines over which the data is sent. The bus helps to reduce the amount of "lanes" required for communication between the components mentioned above. The bus does this by sending all communications over a single data channel. The speed at which the bus transmits data is measured by frequency (hertz) in cycles based upon transmit and receive time per second. The bus is simply a local highway. Data and address are two types of buses. The address bus provides a specific physical address and carries memory addresses needed for the processor to access in order to read or write data. The data bus pass on the required data coming and going to the processor. There is also a control bus that carries orders and synchronize signals from the control unit in route to the other hardware components. In other words, the control does the directing for information flow and identifies in what way data routing should occur through the

3: Network Layer: The use of network layer is switching and routing technologies. It demonstrates logical path and virtual circuits for transferring data from one node to

Layer 3: Network - The way that the data will be sent to the recipient device is determined in this layer. Logical protocols, routing and addressing are handled here.

The fifth layer is the session layer this establishes a connection,this layer makes and sets up the connection using co ordinates and could terminate conversations links. the session layer produces services that make authentication after an interruption and not only that but it can reconnect.and as well as the transporting layer it can also have the TCP and the UDP can provide services for all most all applications.An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications

1. Application (in terms of cabling infrastructure): The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. When determining resource availability, the application layer must decide whether sufficient network or the requested communication exists.. (OSI_model#Layer_7:_application_layer)

According to (Burke, 2004),A switch is a multiport bridge. When a switch receives a frame (A data packet with address and other protocol information embedded), it amplifies the signal, looks at the MAC address to determine which port should retransmit the frame to get it to the intended network device and sends it to that port. The switch can be configured to disconnect any attached device, to discard frames intended for an attached device, to send frames with a specific hardware address to another hardware address instead and to copy a frame to a mirror port which can send it to an attached traffic monitor.

The OSI Model is a model is used to define how data is theoretically passed on a network. Each layer is responsible and has its own duties for a network. The name of layer 3 in the OSI is the Network Layer. This layer is responsible for creating the paths for the transmission of data across the network. This layer provides routing and switching capabilities, as well as, internetworking, congestion control, and packet sequencing (Beal, 1999).

The Application layer within the OSI reference model is where the application and the user communicates. In other words, the application layer is the ending of data that is transferred in visual form to the user. This layer provides the interface between the applications we use to communicate and the underlying network over which our messages are transmitted. The Application Layer functions are to provide the interface for application-specific protocols commonly used such as HyperText Transfer (HTTP), file transfer (FTP), Simple mail transfer (SMTP), Internet message Access (IMAP),

Switches are much like a bridge where they can connect networks that use the same protocols. They are used to direct traffic over multiple networks. Some switches will check

Each site slated for secure indoor wireless had a site survey done. The site survey method was top-down with the roof as the starting point. As with most site surveys the locations for equipment was identified and the cabling pathways were determined. In addition, a wireless survey was performed to identify possible sources of interference and find best install sites for AP’s. This was performed using wireless analysis tools to get the best installation places.

Which layer of the OSI reference model handles logical addressing (IP addresses) and routing traffic?

The definition of a switch or network switch is a small device that joins multiple computers together, working on layer two of the OSI, to form a local

T.C. is a 30-year-old woman who 3 weeks ago underwent a vaginal hysterectomy and right salpingooophorectomy for abdominal pain and endometriosis. Postoperatively she experienced an intraabdominal hemorrhage, and her hematocrit (Hct) dropped from 40.5% to 21%. She was transfused with 3 units of packed RBCs (PRBCs). After discharge she continued to have abdominal pain, chills, and fever and was subsequently readmitted twice: once for treatment of postoperative infection and the second time for evacuation of a pelvic hematoma. Despite treatment, T.C. continued to have abdominal pain, chills, fever, and nausea and vomiting (N/V).

Comparable one was considered because of similar lot size, similar GLA, similar age, similar interior ornimantation, receent close sale, similar garage space. Comparable two was considered because of similar GLA, similar age, similar exterior fenstration, similar interior ornimantation, and close proximity to the subject.

The application layer: this layer allows different applications to communicate with each other’s. In order to exchange different data over the network connection, the protocols included in this layer set up the standards such as DNS, HTTP, FTP. The data coded in this layer will be encapsulated to transport layer for further packing.