Case Study Of Brazil : The World 's Largest Estuary Of Their Ocean Fishier Yields From The Southernmost Subtropical

Economic activity and our environment have been closely linked since man first discovered the concept of trade. In the language of economics, the environment has itself, become an increasingly “scarce resource1”. Since economics is about managing these scarce resources, it will be a useful tool when considering some of the environmental issues facing our planet. One of the major concerns confronting the environment today is the overfishing of the world’s oceans, depleting some species to near extinction. With continued advances in technological and industrial proficiency, fishing vessels are able to fish across the globe, further exacerbating the effects of overfishing. Because the oceans are considered a shared or common

Brazil with a population around 201,032,714, is the largest South America’s country. Brazil’s most important components of its GDP are service revenues, wide industry sector and its successful agriculture.

However, due to more people searching for plots there is greater pressure on the amount of available land. The logging industry is responsible for a relatively small level of deforestation, accounting for 3% in Brazil. Consequently, all these activity contribute together to the rapid loss of what is left of the rainforest and a large proportion of the world’s biodiversity. All of the resources that the rainforest provides could be lost in the next 40 years.

Intertidal (mud) flats are shielded intertidal and shallow sub tidal areas (Quinn, 2014), with significant ecosystems that provide a diversity of highly productive, environmental habitats that are essential sources of food for fish during times of high tide, and for birds in low tide. The sediment composition of intertidal flats depends on the “interactions between the physical, chemical and biological processes” (Widdows, et al., 2004), but the sediment if mainly fine particles and mostly muds. The sediment itself can also either have vegetation growth or be a completely bare flat region. (Quinn, 2014).

This policy memo addresses the development and expansion of the cattle ranching industry in Brazil, which has contributed to the mass deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon in the last 40 years. It exposes the regional and global consequences to deforestation and provides strategies for the Brazilian government to sustainably manage cattle ranching industries while protecting the future of the Amazon. The rainforest ecosystem is an immense reserve of natural recourses that is far more valuable than the beef produced on Brazilian cattle ranches. Not only does the rainforest create habitat for up to 65% of the world’s biodiversity, but when harvested sustainably, it provides humans with an abundance of spices, foods, oils, medicines

Brazil is a country that has a wonderful and enriching long history. It is accidentally discovered by the Portuguese in a route to the India. Pedro Álvares Cabral and his troop are the first European set foot on this mystical land in 1500. The indigenous along the shore was the first troop the Portuguese met. The arrival of Portuguese has deeply affect the economic and social environment of Brazil. Portuguese then evaded Brazil by sending Jesuits and later the Royal family doughing from the France and staying in Brazil until they returned to Portuguese in the early 1800s. During the period of Portuguese reign and after King Pedro I declared the independence of Brazil in 1822, the country has mainly gone through three major economy stages: sugar,

Brazil’s Atlantic Coastal Plain begins in the northeast of South America at Cabo San Roque and expands southward ending in Rio de Janeiro. The Coastal Plain is located between the Atlantic Coast and the escarpment which runs parallel to the plain. This area is characterized by its warm and humid climate which is ultimately considered tropical. Most climatic patterns have been influenced by the plains proximity to the Atlantic Ocean (Kent 236). The regions precipitation is considered moderate with rainfall ranging from 1,300 mm to 1,600 mm, essentially the region has little to no real dry season (Kent 237)

The intertidal rocky shore of Caloundra Beach is inhabited by diverse range of biodiversity of animals and plants, many of which have developed high levels of adaptations throughout their existence. The very boundary of marine and terrestrial ecosystem, this environment is subjected to extremes of the physical environment such as temperature, desiccation, wave turbulence as well the ecological interactions that commonly occur in biotic communities (e.g. competition, predation). However Rocky intertidal shores are easily accessible by humans and provide an enjoyable opportunity for passive recreation and for science and environmental education as well.

The south pacific is well known for their upwelling especially around the coast of Peru and it is well known for its high productivity around the world’s oceans and supports a great deal of sea food around the world. However, the region is also known for its fluctuation in the fish stocks due to many biotic and abiotic factors (Figure 1) (Cury, Roy, and Faure 1998; Sandweiss et al. 2004).

The food chain means the dependence of one species on another in order to survive. The depletion or even the extinction in one of these species leads to a biodiversity problem which causes a damage to the food chain. The sustainability of the ecosystem depends on the species as pivotal members on this community and the role of each member is crucial to the others and thus the absence of any member cause a damage to the whole community (Duarte, 2000). Establishing conservative areas associated with cautionary and informative statements targeted to fishermen and also to the public would develop their awareness about this real threat to their life and the benefits of sustainable fishing. With the adoption of these strategies, these species would be protected from the threat of extinction and thus protect the food

The Rio Doce is essential for various species of marine life, including threatened ones. It is believed that the flow of nutrients in the food chain in half of the Southern Atlantic will be compromised for at least 100 years. Even the United Nations demonstrated their displeasure with how Brazil is dealing with the situation, saying that, “It is

The Amazon River is considered one of the largest river basins in the world having a length of 4,345 miles that passes through four countries in South America: Peru, Colombia, Brazil and Ecuador. In addition to its large size, the Amazon River is the largest drainage basin in the world representing 20% of the global discharge into the ocean. This paper explore the social, political and environmental aspects of the management of the Amazon River.

Coastal ecosystems are among the most productive on the planet, providing all of 70 percent of total global ecosystem services and housing 10 percent of the Earth’s total population (13 percent of its urban population) despite accounting for only 2 percent of the Earth’s land surface (Costanza 2011).

The evolution of the world toward a more industrial-based society has threatened fisheries, reefs, and maritime systems around the world. To combat the problems, various measures of legislation and government intervention have been implemented to protect living and nonliving marine entities and ensure that resources aren’t fully depleted.

In today’s global economy sustainability is very important; from the biological aspect to the industries they all play a role on the marine environment. As world population increases the demand of fish rises causing overfishing. Certain laws have been placed to limit the amount of wild fishing to reduce the risk of endangerment. To meet the demand of the population, fish farms are introduced. Pollution and health related issues are part of the challenges of fish farming. Sustainability also affects social areas such as beaches.