Case Study One Presents Michael Anderson, A 48-Year-Old

The goal is to increase the percentage of understanding of diabetes and how to live empowered with diabetes. I will conduct outreach programs in various methods to reach the people to participate in the health program. My objective is done by specific, measurable, achievable, results-focused, and time-bound (SMART) goals. By May 31, 2018, an increase of 40% establishes one-on-one follow up education session with each individual and families through home visits or phone calls to monitor them to improve their lifestyles. By February 30, 2018, an increase of 80% distribution of brochures and with door to door interactions with the individuals in the community. By September 2018, increase 90% of people to engage in community health fair, classes, and exercise activities on diabetes and cardiovascular classes. This will introduce the individuals in social support that allow interactions with teaching and

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that can also be a risk factor for the development of many different diseases and conditions including dementia, heart disease, and CVA. Thus, effective management of diabetes is very important. Patient compliance can be difficult to achieve if the person affected with diabetes is not educated about the illness or treatment, has not fully accepted the diagnosis or its severity, will not change habits or believes that the prescribed treatment regime is too difficult or ineffective, has cultural beliefs conflicting with the treatment regime, experiences stressful events, lacks social support, or suffers from psychiatric issues unrelated to diabetes (Gerard, Griffin, & Fitzpatrick, 2010). As one may expect, adequate education programs are essential tools when dealing with diabetics. Solid education will provide the patient with information as well as teaching the necessary skills to manage the disorder. The primary focus of any diabetes education program must be to empower patients as a part of the multidisciplinary team. This team should be focused at integrating diabetes into the lives of the patients and this focus should be based on the decisions made by the patient, otherwise the treatment plan can be looked on as forced (Gerald et al., 2010). Every patient stricken with diabetes has the right to benefit from an education program of this type. First, basic education and facts should be administered directly following the diagnosis of

This essay will inform readers about the best practices, published guidelines, and clinical pathways for management of diabetes. Diabetes is a serious issue that affects millions of people. Unrecognized pre diabetes is also a growing concern that is increasing dramatically. Diabetes is not diagnosed for most homeless people, because they do not do have a yearly physical check-up. Published guidelines are useful to patients and practitioners because they focus on the improvement of care. Clinical pathways are also important, because they focus on the outcome and assessment of their achievement.

He told me that he was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in December 2010. Since his doctor prescribed rapid acting insulin for his diabetes, I asked him if it is acceptable to talk about his medical condition in front of his family. He gave me consent to talk about his medical problems in front of his wife and children. I suggested to him the need to take his insulin shot right before eating a meal. I informed him about the insulin medications that he was taking which was lispro. It has an onset of 10 to 30 minutes, peak time of 30 to 3 hours and a duration of 3 to 5 hours. Furthermore, I emphasized the need for him to eat a balanced diet, and the importance of exercise. I encouraged him to eat small amounts of carbohydrates during 30 minutes of exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. I also taught him that the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia are tachycardia, irritation, excessive hunger, restless, diaphoretic and depression. He told me that he did not like to walk and do any activity besides going to his job. I brought some articles about how eating healthy, taking his medication, and regular exercise has shown to prevent, slow down the progressive process on type 2 diabetes. I suggested to him to start walking around his neighborhood, and later he could find a support group of friends can walk together with. For instance, Lewis, Sharon, Margaret Heitkemper, and Linda Bucher. "Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical

Type 2 diabetes has become an epidemic in the United States. Diabetes affects 25.8 mil-lion people of all ages, which is 8.3% of the total population in the United States (NDIC, 2011). Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes cases and is strongly associated with obesity, age, and physical inactivity (NDIC, 2011). Apart from its prevalence, diabetes involves direct medical costs of $116 billion, and medical expenditures for those with the diagnosis are 2.3 times higher than expenditures would be in the absence of diabetes (NDIC, 2011). Practitioners need to focus on finding the perfect treatment regimen, which may include physical activity along with diet modifications and pharmacologic interventions, in an effort to decrease the financial burden, control blood glucose levels, and improve the overall health of this population. The com-plications of untreated type 2 diabetes can be fatal, with heart disease, stroke, hypertension, blindness, kidney disease, and amputation among the more serious problems (NDIC, 2011). As a future family nurse practitioner, I will treat hundreds of adults and even children with type 2 di-abetes or at risk for it, and knowing the most successful interventions is foundational to being able to provide the best care to this patient population.

Michael Jones is 24 years old and recently graduated from Western Ivey. After living at home for just over a year with a paid internship, Michael was offered a full-time job at Queen and Bay St- The heart of the Toronto financial district. Due to this job offering, Michael is looking for a well-priced home, that is not permanent. The housing does not need to be both large and luxurious as only one person will be living here for now. Additionally, being close to public transit is highly important, as this is how the majority of younger people travel around the city, as the cost of a car is highly expensive, while the TTC is inexpensive and just as effective. The entertainment aspect is also important for this type of user, being close to nightlife

I agree with your recommendations regarding lifestyle changes, along with your education and counseling. As far as referrals, I like how you referred your patient to a certified diabetic educator. However, as doctor Caroline Trapp mentioned in the class, don't forget to write a prescription for diabetes self management education and training, along with the referral. Thank you for your insightful posting.

For 36 months after the selection of the participants each participant in the interventional group received at least 9 follow ups. The control group also had similar instructions but it was only 4 times in 12 months intervals. During each 12 month visit MD check to see if there were any disease. Participants were advised/instructed to decrease total energy consumption and to increase the level of physical activity. The goal is to reduce body weight by 5%. Material and human existing resources were used at the study centers. Dieticians and Nurses were primarily involved in the interventions. Information of diabetes and modifications in lifestyle were provided through pamphlets and pedometers. Participants participated in a series of follow-up

Besides monitoring blood sugar and possible medication routes, most treatment options are better explained as lifestyle and habit changes. The treatment options are blood sugar monitoring; change in diet to a healthier alternative; exercising on a day-to-day basis, and in some cases, diabetes medication or insulin therapy. (Mayo Clinic). By following this “round-the-clock commitment,” patients can decrease their possibility of complications, but will never completely rid themselves of this condition (Mayo Clinic). In some cases, individuals have done what they can to manage the condition—by losing the weight, establishing good exercise habits, and monitoring themselves. This may result in the need for diabetes medication to disappear. However, the individuals must maintain that lifestyle, in order to help prevent them from needed medications (The Telegraph). This being said with treatment the outcome for Diabetes Mellitus Type II is rarely a complete cure, but this condition is manageable and sometimes

This will involve a collaboration with other health care, public health, medical professionals, as well as non-health care professional (like information technology professionals). In addition, having a great support system; family and community is also crucial to addressing this issue. Effective communication will be required in the administration of the three levels of intervention to achieve the much-needed results. These tree levels of intervention will entail tackling diabetes at a population, community and individual level. A brief summary as highlighted by Friis & Sellers (2014) and World Health Organization (2017) is offered

This approach has proven to be ineffective for many patients, especially those with limited health literacy. Health care professionals generally value educating their patients, but the teaching often times is left to a brief meeting while the patient is ready to be discharged (Slemmer & Thomas, 2011). The National Diabetes Audit revealed that only 6% of individuals newly diagnosed with DM-2 had been offered an additional structured diabetic education (Hall, 2015). Diabetic self care can be a complicated process that the patient has to live with every day of their life. People that know the risks of non-adherence and have the adequate education in self care show an increased and effective participation in their treatment plan. Lifestyle modifications including diet, exercise, and nicotine cessation have proven to be the most difficult aspect for most diabetic patients to adhere to. The World Health Organization estimates that 50% of people with chronic diseases (such as DM-2) do not adhere to long term care plans that call for lifestyle changes (Hain & Sandy). Diabetes education is vital to properly treat patients diagnosed and can also provide the knowledge and skills to prevent or reverse the course of DM-2. There are many aspects to the successful education of the diabetic patient, but having the access to qualified healthcare professionals obtainable by the opportunity of health insurance is

The main concern that JB as well as this author identified as needing to be addressed to ensure JB’s health and well being for her and her children was the prevention of diabetes mellitus. JB’s genogram revealed that she had numerous family members on her mother’s side that suffered from the consequences of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Her maternal grandmother and four out of five of her grandmother’s children, including JB’s mother, acquired type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is associated with wide range of complications such as chronic renal failure, blindness, amputations, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and neuropathy (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). There is no known cure for diabetes, but the disease can be controlled through health management that includes multiple perspectives of care such as medications, blood glucose monitoring, diet, nutrition, screening for long-term complications and regular physical activity (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). Managing diabetes may be complicated and requires the knowledge and skills of both healthcare providers and the clients. Studies have shown that to prevent or delay diabetic complications due to diabetes, counseling and other lifestyle interventions are the effective therapy. Even with many policies set up for diabetes, 8.1 million Americans are undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and approximately 86 million Americans ages 20 and older have blood glucose levels that considerably increase their risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus in the next several years (CDC, 2015). For diabetes care to be successful there needs to be a good understanding of the disease and management by both patients and healthcare providers,

Approximately 24 million people are affected by diabetes in the United States (Pellico). This paper will briefly explain the nutritional guidelines for a person with diabetes mellitus type II. The treatment for this particular disease heavily relies on adequate nutrition, exercise and in some instances oral medications for extra glucose control (Evert & Boucher, 2014). Current research has revealed there is not one definite eating plan that works for all diabetic patients, but there are several specific nutrition therapy recommendations. Diabetes mellitus type II is more often found in patients that are overweight or obese, therefore a diet plan and exercise goals are aimed at losing weight. It is highly recommended for all diabetic patients’ to participate in regular physical activity. Aerobic exercise performed at least 30 minutes per day, along with resistance training exercises, such as lifting weights, three times per week is encouraged (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2013). Additionally, it is recommended to reduce energy intake (calories) while consuming a healthy diet (Evert & Boucher, 2014, Evidence Level: A). The goal is to decrease the body mass index (BMI) to a normal level of 18.5-24.9 (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2013). While exercise is important, persons with type II diabetes should be educated on the important role nutritional therapy plays in the treatment of diabetes.

There is no specific diet to follow, but a good focus is to eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains that help the body breakdown foods easier without stressing the body. Other key components that go into diabetes preventions is being physically active consistently. At least 30 minutes a day can decrease your chances of contracting diabetes significantly. Aerobic, resistant, and strength training are important for the body in facilitating the breakdown of foods and increases the body’s metabolism. Keeping your body hydrated can help the body stay at homeostasis. One of the most important points in reducing the chances of diabetes is sleeping well. This can benefit the body because during sleep the body gets back into balance and makes any repairs that can improve your overall health. Increasing the quality of your sleep also decreases your stress and fatigue. The last step that everyone should keep in mind is to always maintain routine doctor checkups and physicals. Diabetes can be very tricky and can lead to complications and other diseases if left