Case Study: The Labor Ladies

The Labor Movement’s number one concern is to address problems associated with social inequality. The labor movement was created in order to fight for the rights of labor workers. The goal was to have better wages, safe working conditions, and reasonable working hours. Unions were formed in order to achieve this. However, this was always enough. Workers reached a point where they came together and participated in strikes which the main goal was to have their employers listen to them and come to an agreement.

     “Rosy cheeked and bright eyed, she would know how to darn a stocking and mend her own dress...command a regiment of

The industrial revolution swept through Europe and North America during the 19th century, affecting the class structure, economy, government, and even the religious practices of everyone who lived in or did commerce with these new "industrialized nations." It made the modern age possible, but it was not without its "growing pains." The position of women before the industrial revolution was often equivalent to chattel, and then as now, they were expected to take naturally to housework and child rearing. The history of working women in the Industrial Revolution is rife with accounts of abuse and tragedy, but overall it improved their position in capitalist societies. Below, I will explain the

The factory workers at Lowell were mostly young women from New England farm families. During that time, employers hired women instead of men due to the shortage of labor and willingness of a woman to work for lower wages. As a result, for the first time in the U.S. history, the existence of women as wage earners became prevalent. By 1840, there were about 8,000 women working in the textile mills in Lowell, which was about 75% of the total workforce in those factories. Most of those women were from farms and came to mills for various reasons such as helping their brother to pay for college, helping with the home mortgages, to earn a supplementary income for themselves or for educational opportunities offered in Lowell. In some houses, the mill girls were the sole source of income. However, the work environment in the mills where these women worked was extremely poor.

Annika the Doula is a full-service doula agency that is located in Northeast, Minneapolis. Annika the Doula is serving the Twin Cities metro area. Their doula services include 2 prenatal visits, unlimited prenatal phone, text and e-mail support, continuous emotional, physical and informational support during the client’s labor, 1-2 postpartum visits, and placenta encapsulation. Annika is a DONA-certified birth doula.

Doulas of Orlando is a birth doula agency that is located in Orlando, Florida. Doulas of Orlando is working for the best birth experience. Their services include doula packages, childbirth education, and placenta encapsulation. Doulas of Orlando offers maternity classes, maternity and birth photography, and 3D/4D ultrasounds. Their doula is M. Luna Jauregui, CD(DONA), CLC. M. Luna Jauregui, CD(DONA), CLC is bilingual, speaking both English and Spanish. Her qualifications as a doula include Certified Birth and Postpartum Doula via DONA international, Rebozo Certified under Instructor Gena Kirby, Sacred Bengkung belly binding certification, and more. M. Luna Jauregui, CD(DONA), CLC has been a Healthy Children Certified Lactation Counselor in

Peaceful Beginnings Birth Services is a full-service doula agency that is located in Sacramento, California. Peaceful Beginnings Birth Services provides birth doula services, Birthing From Within® classes, and postpartum doula services. This doula agency offers prenatal visits, labor support, and breastfeeding and postpartum support. The doula of Peaceful Beginnings Birth Services, Chelsea Fredlund is a DONA International and Birthing From Within Certified Birth Doula.

Women who were working in factories were severely impacted socially and economically during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Young women were found to dominate the silk and textile factories, however, they did not receive the same pay as men. The chart referencing gender and age of silk factory workers in five English Towns in 1833 reveals that 63 to 96% of the workers were female, which of those were 35 to 53% under the age of 16. (Document A). The chart referencing gender and age of silk factories in Nagano, Japan in 1901 show that 12,519 females worked in 205 mills, which was 92% of the population. The ages of the female workers reveal that 18% were 14 and under, 48% were 15 to 20 years old, and 34% were over the age of 20 (Document B). The

Life used to be very different than how most experience it today. Majority people today are fortunate enough to not have to slave in a factory for twelve hours each night, to afford food and a place to live. During WWI many women were forced into doing so because most of the men were off fighting in the war. Naomi Loughnan was one of those women, who had enlisted in the Munition Army. She tells her story of her experience and paints a picture in ones mind of how life then was very different. Social classes were more divided ,men and women were not used to being mixed in the workplace, and how these women were proud to do lots of hard work to help manufacturer military items in factories for the men overseas, despite

Morgan, Jennifer L. Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.

Carolina Birth and Wellness is a full-service doula agency that is located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Carolina Birth and Wellness offers doula support, massage therapy, and infant massage classes to families. Their doula services include birth doula, postpartum doula, sibling doula, birth planning consultation, belly casting, belly binding, and operation special delivery. Carolina Birth and Wellness supports all the families in North Carolina, including the LGBT communities.

Sadly, in our modern Western culture, almost everyone forgets about the parents after the baby is born. Not so with your postpartum doula, we're here to focus completely on you. With this package, you will have the benefit of coming home with expert, professional assistance. Your doula provides you with an intimate, and peaceful space and facilitates the environment for you and your family to focus on your transition to parenthood. We strive to help create enjoyable and memorable experience for you and baby.

Next, a non-hospital birth usually has midwifery or Doula. Midwifery is a profession in which providers take care of pregnant women during her labor and birth and during the postpartum period. Assisting the mother with the child after it is born. According to “Human Sexuality: Diversity in Contemporary America,” midwives attends the majority of births. Midwives are qualified for routine deliveries and minor medical emergencies; often operating as part of a medical term. As Cara Muhlhahn, a certified nurse midwife stated in “Business of Being Born,” she would rather be in the home of the patient so she would feel comfortable. And most women who have midwives are comfortable because they are in the privacy of their own home giving birth to their child and they feel empowered instead of the powerless vibe in a hospital. A Doula, on the other hand, does not have to make clinical decisions. Doulas offer emotional support and manage pain using massage, acupressure, and birthing positions; making it easier for the mother to cope with her complications. According to “Mothering the Mother: How a Doula Can Help You Have a Shorter, Easier and Healthier Birth,” a Doula is a Greek word that literally means a woman who has experience that can help other women. Klaus Kennell and others who have researched the effects of the doula's presence during childbirth have come to define the term as a woman with experience in childbirth who will give the laboring mother emotional, physical and

Feminization of work is an idea which lives up to expectations towards more noteworthy vocation of women and the point is to illuminate the issues concerning sex disparities in the work power. It points towards explaining the issues of sexual contrasts and killing imbalance in administrations.

The early 1900s was a time of many movements, from the cities to the rural farms; people were uniting for various causes. One of the most widespread was the labor movement, which affected people far and wide. Conditions in the nation’s workplaces were notoriously poor, but New York City fostered the worst. Factories had started out in the city’s tenements, which were extremely cramped, poorly ventilated, and thoroughly unsanitary. With the advent of skyscrapers, factories were moved out of the tenements and into slightly larger buildings, which still had terrible conditions. Workers were forced to work long hours (around 12 hours long) six hours a day, often for extremely low pay. The pay was also extremely lower for women, who made up a