Categorial Approach

Through the application of standard diagnostic criteria and the use of diagnostic reasoning we aim to develop a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of classification systems and the methods used to define psychopathology. The information processing system of diagnostic reasoning applied to clinical diagnoses, is important for the detailed analyses of clinically gained information (Coderre Mandin, Harasym & Fick, 2003). Nurcombe and Fizthenry-Coor (1987), note researchers observe the cognitive problem and convert it into mental enquiries, which aim to elicit more diagnostic information. Clinicians using the diagnostic process make a number of diagnostic inferences in regards to the noted maladaptive behaviour (Kassirer, 1989). Deductive reasoning in the form of hypothetico-deductive reasoning is used to examine and support or reject hypothesised diagnoses (Coderre et al., 2003). This process is use to generate several hypotheses based on knowledge held by the examiner who then gathers data to support or reject these hypotheses until a prognosis can be decided upon (Nurcombe & Fitzhenry-Coor, 1987).

The medical model focuses on the molecular structure of drugs and indicators of mental or emotional disorders. However, the medical model is not effective treating mental and emotional disorders. The medical model indicts the notion that abnormal behavior is the product of physical problems and be treated medically. The medical model depends upon independent tests to demonstrate or contradict if a patient is ill. The psychological model uses tests to demonstrate or contradict whether a patient is ill. It is at this point of agreement that the two models separate. A restriction to the psychological model is if a patient that is unconscious, or their communication ability is compromised to the degree that they are

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is currently the most frequently used way of standardizing and defining psychological disorders. However, the classification systems such as DSM have advantages and disadvantages. The major weakness of DSM is that it judges symptoms superficially and ignores other possible important factors. The major strength of DSM is that it enables categorization of psychological disorders.

that is passed down to each individual. The medical model defines mental illness as a biological disease that is caused by malfunctioning neurophysiological process. The DSM-5 is used in the medical model as a classification system of psychological disorders to help the clinician diagnosis and treat mental illnesses. There are strengths and limitations of focusing on the medical model and the use of the DSM when working with clients.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has a number of features. First of all, every disorder is identified using a name and a numerical code. In addition, the manual provides the criteria for diagnosing each disorder as well as establishes subtypes of a disorder and examples that would illustrate the disorder. The manual goes further by addressing the typical age of onset, culturally related information, gender-related information, prevalence of a disorder, typical clinical course of a disorder, typical predisposing factors of a disorder and genetic family patterns of a disease (Summers, 2009). The DSM-IV is a tool that is used by mental health practitioners and social service workers. As has been demonstrated

Explain how individuals experience discrimination due to misinformation, assumptions and stereotypes about mental ill health.

The first major controversy concerning classifications of mental disorders is the debate over dimensions vs. categories. According to the APA (2000), DSM–IV is a categorical classification that divides mental disorders into types based on criterion sets with defining features. Categories have been utilized in the past DSMs, however there has been much debate on changing to the dimensional model. The debate stems from the notion that in order for a categorical diagnosis to relate specifically to a disorder, the pathology would have to have been largely resilient to the influence of many other genetic and environmental influences (Widiger & Sankis, 2000). On the contrast, utilizing the dimensional model for a diagnosis would utilize a wide variety of neurochemical, interpersonal, cognitive, and other mediating and moderating variables that help to develop, shape, and form a particular individual’s psychopathology profile (Andreasen, 1997).

The DSM is a classified system used by psychiatrist and other clinical professions in order to diagnose clients and patients who show signs of some type of disorder. The two advantages of using this model or classification system ranges from the validity of an assessment used by clinicians and other health care professionals. Build around the concepts and purposes for the DSM model is that it supports a number of standard assessments of diagnosing different treatment providers. Furthermore, (Comer, J. 2016) suggest that the DSM-5 requires clinicians to provide both categorical and dimensional information which is part of being consistent in diagnosing. From a categorical perspective this refers to the name of a particular category of a disorder which is indicated on behalf of the client’s symptoms. From the dimensional perspective it is a rating of how the client symptoms and the severity of the dysfunction through various dimensions.

The Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental Disorders also known as the DSM is used was published by the American Psychiatric Association as a way to set standard criteria for diagnosis of the different mental health conditions. Social workers, mental health practitioner and even researchers in order to, use this book to help them diagnose client. The book is intended to be used to make an initial assessment of symptoms that a patient might be facing and after the assessment is done then the clinicians can go about finding interventions to help the client overcome their disorder.

Within the realms of psychology, classification systems are imperative and allow for appropriate organization and proper descriptions of a patient’s psychological diagnosis. (Hunsley, J. & Lee, M. Catherine, 2010). Classification is a central element of all branches of science and social science, and is how clinicians perform their job to diagnose patients. The two, main types of classification systems are the categorical approach and the dimensional approach. In a broad view, the categorical approach is an one in which a person or object is determined to either be a member of a specific category or not, and the dimensional approach is based on the assumption that the object or person being classified differs in the extent to which they possess certain characteristics and properties (Hunsley & Lee, 2010). The controversy over dimensional versus categorical approaches to diagnosis as manifested in the recent development and publication of the DSM-V is a debate that is one to take note of. Numerous limitations and benefits to both the categorical and dimensional approaches exist, and are widely discussed by researchers when speaking of the production of the DSM-V in regards to personality disorders (PDs). This paper will mainly focus on the diagnosing of one with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), and how the changes from the categorical approach to dimensional approach in the recent

DSM-IV TR, which stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition), Text Revision was published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2000 and serves as a guide book for many health professionals to diagnose a patient with a mental disorder. It also helps health professionals to determine what types of treatment could be carried out to help the patient. The latest DSM is widely used, especially in the USA and many European countries.1However, it may not be completely followed by health professionals as they know that there are some weaknesses of the latest version of DSM as well. This essay will discuss the strengths and

Using the spreadsheets and data that was available within the course materials of this class, I was able to compute a categorical analysis on the different majors of the students that are enrolled in the MBA program. The data involves information derived from two-hundred students found at Whatsamattu University. The majors that are available for the MBA program at this university that these two-hundred students are taking includes Finance, Marketing, Leadership, and those that are not majoring in anything that is considered to be listed as "No Major". Since we are looking at majors of students and not their individual GPA's, we would use a categorical analysis versus a numerical analysis. "When one works with categorical data, it is possible

The second part of the problem is when multiple disorders that are currently considered separate and very similar. Having people with seemingly very different patterns be classified as having the same disorder was something I also saw frequently at my work. In the case of substance dependance we would have some patients who felt they could quit a substance if not for withdrawal, and other who felt the substance controlled their life. To me these seem like different problems, and I wouldn't think of treating them in the same way. I feel the same way about persons entering treatment for major depression that began with a specific event but lasting unreasonably long compared to a person who didn't have a clear event that started the episode. For the first example it could be a lack of coping strategies, yet for the other it may be cognitive distortions, yet both would be listed as the same disorder. As I previously stated, the opposite also seems problematic. Using the previous example, the cognitive distortions resulting in a major depressive episode could also result in dysthymia. Biological theories of disorders also don't seem to support these separations, with similar neuro-chemical problems being associated with ranges of disorders. Together, these two issues call into question the accuracy in our current system of categorical diagnosis in finding discrete clusters of symptoms.

Using the methods of categorization and compartmentalization in order to more easily comprehend difficult subjects is natural, yet when the objects subjected to forced categorical placement are human beings, how can this method still be justified? When taking a standardized test, filling out legal paperwork, or taking a census, we are presented with a question that, in some cases, might be more difficult than all of the following questions on an exam. Staring up from the page are the words “Ethnicity: (Choose One)” followed by a series of boxes next to words such as “White”, “Black”, “Asian”, etc. When did the colors “White” and “Black”, a singular phenotypic characteristic, come to define an entire race? This perception of color stems

Category management is a retailing and purchasing concept in which the range of products purchased by a business organization or sold by a retailer is broken down into discrete groups of similar or related