Causal Effects Of Gender Quotas On Sub Saharan Africa With A Cross Case Analysis Essay

Although African women continue to make solid progress in becoming part of the political scene, there are limitations associated with this progress. More African women are beginning to enter the political landscape and are making great strides in influencing policies that favors the advancement of women.

This lesson allows you to elaborate on the work you did in Lesson 12. Using the research proposal you developed in Lesson 12 as a foundation, choose a sampling methodology that compliments your original proposal. Do not include specific questions in your proposal. Use the structure illustrated below. The proposal will be evaluated using, in part, your use of the methodologies described in the text.

This section explains the three moves in a research paper. The three moves can be said as "Establishing a research territory, Establishing a niche and Occupying the niche" (Swales & Feak, 2012). Discussing section is the second section which gives an idea regarding how to write the final part of a research paper. There are methods which can be used to write the final part of a paper. Generally, words like conclusions, results and discussions are used to write the conclusion of a research paper. This section also includes the structure and the limitations made in discussion section, making it the most prominent factor of a research paper. Inclusion of scope in a title is compulsory and it should be easily explained and the title need to be specific with respect to the topic chosen for writing a research paper. The fourth section describes how to write an abstract of a research paper. Abstract plays an important role in constructing a

Conduct research for, and write a research essay on a topic related to one of the three previous sections of Module 1:

It is easy to make a case to pass legislation for a quota for women on corporate boards. There is statistical data showing a difference in pay between men and women. Women often hit a ‘glass-ceiling’ when it comes to promotions in the workplace; and even when they are able to progress, it is often more difficult than men. Women lack a female mentor in the workplace to sponsor them because women who are in a position of power are afraid of losing that position. According to the text, “women who have achieved positions of power in male-dominated environments may fear competition from other women and actively work to undermine them” (Allard & Harvey, 2015). Lastly, on a global scale, four prominent countries (Norway, Finland, France, and Italy) have already passed legislation involving quotas for women in corporate positions (Allard & Harvey, 2015).

A summary of your project. Identify your topic and describe what you will be looking at in terms of the topic. Include some key terms and additional questions that will guide your research.

A research plan is intended to encourage others that you have a valuable research assignment and that you have the intelligence to see it though. A research plan should include all the essentials in the research method and contain enough information for the reader to assess the proposed subject. Your research and the method you prefer, the research must address the following questions: What you plan to achieve, why you desire to do it and how you are going to do it. The plan should have enough details to persuade the reader that you have a solid research plan; you have an understanding of the important information and that your approach is sound. The value of your research plan depends not just on the quality of your assignment, but also on the quality of your research plan. A good research assignment could be subject to scrutiny or rejection just because the plan is not written well. This motivates me to develop a research plan that is logical, understandable, and convincing. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research

Whilst quotas fast track women into parliament, there is need for long term strategies to keep women in political positions and eliminate the sexism that prevents women from entering into politics primarily. Whether this is through education, initiatives to combat stereotypes, and providing opportunities and support for women, it is vital that we eliminate the gender gap that has grown increasingly in recent times.

Section 2 encompasses the project plan of the study. The detailed plan includes the purpose statement, role of the researcher, purposive sampling to identify participants, research method, and research design. Ethically conducting research is an important component of any research project. Section 2 also contains the ethical aspect of identifying the target population, participant sampling requirements, data collection instrument, data collection techniques, and data analysis. Research should be reliable and valid. Section 2 contains the process to ensure reliability and validity.

The scholarship on gender quotas’ effectiveness in empowerment of women in politics is focused on “analyzing continuity and change in political recruitment processes” (67), the challenges women face in parliamentary environment, and women’s influence over policymaking processes. Although gender quotas are immensely used by parties, the impact of gender quotas on political parties has not received enough scholarly attention. Thus, political parties are “the missing variable” in the literature on women in politics. The authors attempt to fill the gap in the literature by examining party institutional configuration where patterns of distribution take place through informal institutions on daily basis. Quotas do not

First area of information should state in clear language that the study involves research, research purpose, required study participation duration, research study procedure description, and identification of experimental procedures to be performed.

Women, whether in the western world or third world countries, are socialised in patriarchal societies where misogyny is often internalised. As a result women often make choices, which reflect their subordinate status to keep to the norm and stabilise themselves economically and socially. Women in countries in sub- Saharan Africa, South and East Asian areas, though in differing contexts face similar struggles of subservience and manipulation. Women accommodate, resist or adapt to the sexist oppressive system. Those who choose to bargain with the social constructs aim to enhance their situation, giving them more power and to some extent freedom from ideological societies that subjugate them.

In Africa a majority of women still lack the ability to exercise their rights. This is relevant for both economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as civil and political rights. The issue with the combination of the two is that when a woman’s ESC rights are infringed upon, it directly, negatively impacts their ability to exercise their civil rights. The inability to utilize civil political rights makes it difficult for women to take place in policy change and political decision making (Ssenyonjo 42). In order for women to have a seat at the table when it comes to long term change, it is necessary that they have the necessary economic, social, and cultural rights. Despite treaties that attempt to grant these rights, very little concrete progress has actually been made. Many blame this lack of change on culture, which is defined by Manisuli Ssenyonjo as “inherited ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge, which constitute the shares bases of social action” (50). Culture is also seen as the interpretation of colonial rule by a long standing patriarchal society and leadership, that has been in place for centuries (Tamale 51). However, despite those who see culture as an obstacle to introducing human rights to a community, it is imperative that the culture of the nation in question must be considered, not only when implementing the new law, but when they are being written by international groups as well. Otherwise there is no hope of the human rights actually being inserted

In an effort to increase the representation of women in political spheres and to facilitate women’s access to parliaments, some sub-Saharan African countries have adopted gender quotas. Though the use of gender quotas has been widely debated in the scholastic community, it has secured women’s positions of power in post-conflict societies (Gouws, 2008). An example of such society can be found in Rwanda. In response to the civil war and genocide that plagued Rwanda in the past, a constitution was created in 2003 that imposed gender quotas in all forms of government, requiring a minimum of 30% of women to hold positions in decision-making bodies (Bauer & Burnet, 2013). Gender quotas have changed the way Rwandans perceive women in positions of political power and have encouraged them to respect these women as much as they would respect men in the same positions. Rwanda’s significantly high percentage of women in parliament can be directly correlated with the fact that Rwanda utilizes gender quotas to facilitate women’s access to parliaments.

Statistics from The Africa Renewal Magazine (2012) revealed that women contribute 70% of Agricultural output on the continent, with particular reference to Malawi, but they do not have as much ownership on the land. This is because land ownership rights in Africa are largely effected by customary law which is rather preventive of the ownership of land by women. It follows that when these women’s husbands pass on, that land is taken by the deceased’s relatives according to customary law and that is a direct antagonism to development as that woman’s output is lost, together with any hope for her financial independence. In addressing the previously mentioned problems, standardisation plays a role in human rights of spelling out the exact requirements that have to be effected for the implementation process. For example, in Niger, the recent changes in the national assembly structure saw a rise in the participation of women as 15% of the seats are now held by women, according to quotaproject.org. The rights of women indicate the participation of women in politics then the role of the standard is to set the benchmark number of the seats to be held by women. More so, standardisation plays a role in setting out