Causal Model

DiClemente, Ralph J. et al “Parental Monitoring: Association With Adolescents ' Risk Behaviors” Pediatrics 107: 6 June 2001, 1363-1368

The Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (BSAS) (Hendrick, Hendrick, & Reich, 2006), a 23-item questionnaire, was designed to measure multi-dimensional attitudes towards sex. The scale is a modified version of the original Sexual Attitudes Scale. For the current study, the Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale will be modified and shortened. The scale is made up of the following four subscales: Permissiveness, Birth Control, Communion, and Instrumentality. Some of the items refer to a specific sexual relationship, while others refer to general attitudes and beliefs about sex. Participants are instructed to answer questions with their current partner in mind. If the respondent is not currently dating anyone, he or she should answer with the most recent partner in mind. If the respondent has never had a sexual

The sexuality and reproductive assessment helps describes sexual fulfillment, sexual perception, and sexual self –concepts. (Edelman & Mandel, 2011). This assessment is focused on the satisfaction of one’s sexual life, and the changes that take place throughout a lifespan. Another pattern is the coping-stress tolerance pattern. This focuses on the family’s adaption to internal and external pressures related to their health, environment, and social status and how they cope with these pressures in their day to day lives. Finally, the last pattern is the values and belief pattern. Values and beliefs vary in different cultures. Therefore, the focus of this pattern is one’s attitude regarding the meaning of life, spirituality, and how these attitudes affect the family related health problems. (Edelman & Mandle, 2011).

Participants will between the ages of 25 and 45 years old. The research will have an equal representation of females and males and families with Child Protective Service involvement and families without. Furthermore, there will be a representation of three different races: Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic. However, these three races may not be equally represented due to a lack of availability at the Family Support Program. In addition, we will not include participants who have previously engaged in a parenting class because this may impact the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory scores; therefore, participants who have never completed a parenting group before are the only participants that will be included in the study. In addition, for families with Child Protective Service involvement the involvement has to be within the last 5 years and does not include Child Protective Service involvement when the parent was a child. Lastly, we will only include participants who engaged in the intake process at the Family Support Program in the last 5 years. Therefore, the research results will be up to date and

Cause and effect is noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others. Most things that happening in life have a cause and effect relationship. Almost everything you do is a cause and will have an effect, or most things you do is an effect of something that happened or what you done before your actions. An example of a cause and effect relationship is last year I was in the state tournament, and I was in the semi-finals. I ended up losing, and I was very angry with myself. I wanted to make it to the finals so bad, but me not making it made me stronger and it made me push myself for this season. It made me more confident and more determined. Most situations in every aspect of life is a cause and effect situation and you can control that situation most of the time.

“The nuclear family provides a socially approved structure around the fulfilment of adult sexual urges, which mitigate against adults fulfilling their desires freely”.

1. In the world there are many different family structures and dynamics that exist. The book uses a circle to help readers understand the dynamic structure between parent and child, parent and marital relationship, and child and marital relationship. Different cultures have different family dynamics, along with changes in their environment. For example, during the great depression many people moved from small farms to cities in hopes of better pay jobs; technology has also changed the family dynamic because many parents are relying on television to help raise their kids than ever before. Adult lifestyles have also changed drastically over the decades, leaving many adults single than ever before. The book gives this rise in single adults to the fact that more and more adults are waiting to get married.

Some of the women in the family have depression/anxiety and this can be incorporated into a negative self-perception. The men of the family tend to have positive and confident feelings of themselves. The next topic of Gordon’s Functional Family Patterns is role relationships. The roles of the family members are all different. The role’s of the family are pretty traditional, as grandparents, parents, aunts, uncles, and children. The family interviewed is very close and all help provide care for the children of the family, as well as one another when needed. The next topic is sexuality. The family doesn’t voice any concerns over sexual activity concerns. The women in the family of child-bearing age are educated and use contraceptive measures. The obstetrical history is only previous pregnancies. The last topic is coping. Some coping strategies the family discussed using is therapy, discussions, whether in private or as a family, avoidance, massage therapy, music, and other relaxation techniques. Most of these tend to be effective, although the avoidance technique proves to be the least effective. Although there is no confrontation, the problem is never truly solved which builds resentment. Any of the patterns evaluated must be evaluated in the context of other patterns and its contributions to the most optimal function of the family assessed (Gordon, 2012).

The absence of paternal care for children brings about technicalities when it comes to imparting good morals and values to the children of both sexes. It is often an impossible task for one parent to openly guide a child single-handedly. This notion warrants the investigation of the impacts of fatherly absence on teenage pregnancy through the engagement in early sexual activities. The absence of one parental unit creates a gap that gives room for mischievous behavior due to reduced oversight. This study will seek to investigate whether indeed fatherly absence plays a role increased sexual activity among teenage girls and consequently lead to early pregnancy.

Families all over the world, especially in the United States, have clearly evolved. Trends of traditional marriages and families have decreased over time. Researches, from Indiana State University, confirmed that “people are moving away from a traditional definition of family towards a modern definition

In a study done by Randall and Byers (2003) they wanted to find out what college students defined as sex. There were three factors that they believed to help shape an individual 's perception. First, an individual 's characteristics affects how they define sexual behavior.. In male students, they tended to include a wider range of sex terms in their definitions. Secondly, sexual socialization from both parents and peers may influence the range of a student’s definition of sex. For example, students who experience more sexually permissive influences may

A special education consultant has noticed that, of the past five consultation cases that she has

What I found to be particularly interesting in terms of Weeks’ composition of sexuality, is how family systems and kinships seem to be the foundation of which we construct sexuality as a whole. Traditional families and kinships - families not bound by blood - are living amongst each other, largely in amity. Despite this, the importance of the patterns that we see within these relationships, such as single parenthood, age of marriages, and opinions on non-procreative or non-heteronormative sex, are enhanced through kinships and family ties.

Sexual attitudes among adolescents and young adults have widely been studied in western countries. With the culture differences in eastern countries, fewer studies have been conducted in those countries. Current article will address sexual attitudes in Chinese adolescents and young adults, and look into the future path of sex education in China.

Over many years, the views of premarital sex have been becoming increasingly more tolerant. The whole reasoning behind why sex was created is lost in the minds of society and used for pleasure and own physical satisfaction. There are negative consequences for these actions leading to guilt, depression, and numbness to intimate relationships. Having strong parental influence can also strongly affect the outcomes of adolescence and causal sex. Additionally, marriage can be