Causes And Consequences Of Dengue Virus

Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells, specifically white blood cells that are responsible for fighting infection. However, the abnormal cells in leukemia do not function in the same way as normal white blood cells. Leukemia cells continue to grow and divide, eventually crowding out normal blood cells. The end result is that it becomes difficult for the body to fight infections, control bleeding and transport oxygen (Medicine Net, 2015). It is estimated that each year, approximately 30,800 individuals will be diagnosed with leukemia in the United

Sickle cell: One of the first inherited diseases to be unraveled at the level of DNA was sickle-cell anemia which is defined as abnormal, crescent-shaped red blood cells that results from a single change in the amino acid sequence of the cell's hemoglobin, which causes the cell to contort, especially under low-oxygen conditions. (medical dictionary, 2017) Also, called drepanocyte, meniscocyte. Also, this blood disorder mostly affects Africans and natives of the Mediterranean region are those who are affected by malaria. A single mutation in the gene for the blood protein hemoglobin can affect its ability to transport oxygen around the body. People who inherit two copies of the same mutation, one from each parent, have severe symptoms.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito are among the deadliest creatures on the planet. They transmitted the yellow-fever virus in the nineteen-thirties to millions of people. They also carry a deadly virus called Dengue, which has no vaccine or cure. According to WHO, the disease affects 50 million people a year. Oxitec, a British biotechnology company wanted to take a risk and try something new to help stop the spread of Dengue. They came up with the idea to modify the genetic structure of the male Aedes mosquito; transforming it into a GMO that is capable of destroying its own species. This has never been attempted before but they are willing to do anything to try and help control the spread of Dengue. “There are always risks—that’s why we start with small studies in geographically isolated neighborhoods.” says Giovanini Coelho. People in the neighborhood of Juazeiro are heavily affected, and they are desperate for help. Many people are opposed to the OX513A because it is a man made species that unnamed scientist are releasing into the air with unknown consciences, but Brazilian citizens are willing to take that

According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, “Leukemia is a cancer that starts in early blood-forming cells” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “Most often, leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, but some leukemias start in other blood cell types” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “Any of the cells from the bone marrow can turn into a leukemia cell” (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, “Once this change takes place, the leukemia cells don’t go through the normal process of maturing” (American Cancer Society, 2013). There are changes that leukemia cells can quickly reproduce themselves and not die when they are suppose too (American Cancer Society, 2013). “They survive and build up in the bone marrow, crowding out normal cells” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “In most cases, the leukemia cells spill into the bloodstream fairly quickly” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “Almost all childhood leukemia is acute leukemias” (American Cancer Society, 2013).

Leukemia is cancerous disease that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the blood-stream (National Cancer Institute, 2008, para. 1). It is one of many complicated cancer diseases that affect all ages and have very negative outcomes if not treated properly, and on time. Within the disease are several different types that affect according to how quickly the disease develops and attacks the body. It could be classified as chronic leukemia, which has a slow progress of getting worse or acute leukemia which usually gets worse quickly. The types of leukemia also can be grouped based on the white blood cell that is affected (National Cancer Institute , 2008, p. 1).

Leukemia broadly describes conditions that affect erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and spleen. As with all other cancers, leukemia begins from the mutation of DNA in certain cells. Classifications of leukemias are based on the age of onset and the leukocyte involved (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). The most common leukemia is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), accounting for approximately 30% of cases in the United States (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 222). The normal function of the bone marrow, spleen, and liver becomes interrupted by the invasion of malignant lymphocytes (B cells); since the B cells are functionally inactive, a patient becomes more susceptible to infections. The sluggish progression of CLL unfortunately leads to late diagnoses and poor prognosis (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). Patients that become symptomatic in later stages will experience fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, and an increased susceptibility to infection, due to abnormal antibody production. Patient specific factors such as age, disease progression, and medication side effects will determine the course of treatment (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 223). The fragile state of patients with CLL requires continuous examination of drug therapy and interventions to prevent further complications.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that sadly causes around 25,000 deaths in the U.S. each year. The area that it affects is the blood and the bone marrow and like most or all of the types of cancer in the world if not taken control of early it will most likely kill you.

West Nile virus is the most significant exotic mosquito-borne disease that has come to the contiguous United States in the last century. Outbreaks have proven extremely difficult to predict and control and have been associated with considerable morbidity. The large outbreak in 2012, which caught many by surprise, indicates that West Nile virus will remain a formidable public health challenge for years to come (“FAQ: West Nile Virus,” par. 3).

Working as a medical officer, I came across scores of patients with mosquito-borne diseases. Despite my state having a near cent percent literacy, my hospital wards were flooded by patient with dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. I studied about these notorious ear buzzing mosquitoes in my medical school, but never did I know how villain they were. After moving to Singapore, I understood how these diseases are a major problem even in developed countries. I can never forget those patients with chikungunya who had

CNN observes that the west nile virus is an illness spread by infected mosquitoes. The west nile virus has killed many people and you should use bug spray when you go outside mainly at night. The symptoms of the west nile virus take a while to show up and sometimes you will have this virus but get no symptoms. West nile virus can be deadly and harmless, but then when you get it who knows if it will be bad or good. (“CNN” 2016). This evidence supports my thesis statement because it answers

West Nile Virus is an infectious brain disease that rapidly spread across the United States in 1999. The virus was first identified and named by Smithburn and colleagues in 1937 while they were working in the West Nile district of Uganda. The scientists did not venture to Uganda to look for West Nile Virus, but were seeking cases of African sleeping sickness. Smithburn came across a serum of a 37 year-old woman suffering from fever. The woman was thought to have the protozoan. The test proved to be negative for that pathogen, but positive for a new viral entity- West Nile Virus. While mostly being reported in foreign countries, West Nile Virus has also found itself on United States soil. A total of forty seven states have reported cases of

The causes of the illness are highly severe inside your body. The DNA mutation in the stem cells cause too many white blood cells to be produced. The white blood cells are also reduced from the bone marrow before they are mature. As the number of immature white cells, also known as blast cells, increases the number of healthy red blood cells and platelets fall; it is still not known what really causes DNA mutation to occur. The DNA mutation is extremely dangerous when it is present in your body. In addition, the mutation comes in major movements to infect you and your body.

As mutations cause a lack of β-globin expression, resulting in an inefficient erythropoiesus and early apooptosis of the red blood cell lineage, the majority of patients become lifelong dependent on blood transfusions needing transfusion about every 2-4 weeks in order to maintain a normal range of HbA (11-14 g/l). (Poggiali E, Cassinerio E, Zanaboni L, Cappellini

There is no vaccine to help prevent Zika. There is also currently no formal medication to treat the disease. Therefore, it is best to treat the symptoms. In addition, get a good amount of rest, prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids, and take medication that reduces fever or pain such as paracetamol or acetaminophen (Tylenol®). When taking medication, do not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) like aspirin. NSAIDS could increase the risk of bleeding if dengue has not been ruled out. It is also important to talk to your healthcare provider before taking any medication if you are already taking medication for a separate

Leukemia is caused by mutations in the bone marrow cells. The cell does not develop properly into a normal mature white blood cell, and becomes cancerous. Abnormal white blood cell is unable to perform its functions. At the same time abnormal cells begin actively proliferate. As a result, the number of cancer cells increases, and they begin to displace healthy cells. This leads to anemia, bleeding, and infection.