Causes And Main Characteristics Of Down Syndrome

Jane O'Brien: Chromosomes are tiny, threadlike structures inside most cells of every organism, or living thing. Chromosomes carry information about the organism in units called genes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.Down Syndrome is an autosomal genetic disorder.. Down Syndrome Is caused by having an extra copy of Chromosome 21, so instead of 2 copies, you have 3. This is an autosomal disorder and is not sex-linked. This usually occurs due to abnormal cell division when they egg and the sperm meet during fertilization.

. Down syndrome is not a disease that someone catches and is not caused by difficulties during the pregnancy, it is a genetic condition. This condition is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the body’s cells and causes a redundant amount of proteins to be formed. All cells of the body derive from a single cell formed by the fusion of a father’s sperm and a mother’s egg. Each cell carries a nucleus full of genetic material known as genes. These genes are inherited from both the mother and father. Each cell normally contains 46 pairs of chromosomes. 23 chromosomes come from one parent and 23 from the other, hence the 46 pairs. When it comes to children with down syndrome, one of the chromosomes does not separate properly and so the

Answer: The most common form of Down syndrome is known as Trisomy 21, a condition where individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. This is caused by an error in cell division called nondisjunction, which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosome 21 before or at conception. To the genes when the cell division occurs is when the extra chromosome goes to find a cell and attaches

The aetiology of Downs syndrome which means the cause of a specific disease (Mcferran, 2014). Suggests that when one of the chromosomes in reproduction do not separate properly this is when Down’s Syndrome is caused (Steven, 2005). This extra chromosome causes physical developmental defects this causes reduced muscle tone, a small mouth with a projecting tongue and eyes that slant downwards and upwards and causing the back of their head to be flat. Many babies born with Down's Syndrome are diagnosed with the condition after birth and are likely to have many physical defects for example they may have reduced muscle tone, eyes that slant upwards and outwards, a small mouth with a protruding tongue and a flat back of the head. (Hartley, 2015). Down Syndrome patients can also be afflicted with other conditions, including heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and leukemia (WHO, 2010). This could effect children and adults through out their life also effecting their physical and mental health.

When a baby is conceived, the baby receives 23 chromosomes from each parent, equaling 46 chromosomes. Sometimes during this creation a sperm or egg cell can causes that cell to contain 24 chromosomes. When this abnormal cell is included in the conception of a baby, that baby will have 47 chromosomes. The extra chromosome causes Down syndrome. After fertilization; cells start to divide rapidly. Depending on how the cell divides determines what type of Down syndrome the child has. Mosaic Down syndrome is obtained when a cell divides abnormally, creating a string of cells with the extra chromosome. A child with Mosaic Down syndrome has both cells: the normal 46 chromosomes, and the Down syndrome 47 chromosomes. It is believed that babies with Mosaic Down syndrome experience mild symptoms of the disorder.

Down syndrome (also known as trisomy 21) is a disorder that makes you physically and mentally more challenged than everyone else but you are still able to grow develop and live a partially normal life. The major causes of Down syndrome are first just getting unlucky and having the 21st chromosome be irregular. But if you have a child when you are older than 35 you have a highly increased chance of getting down syndrome also if you have a sibling with Down syndrome or another kid with-it that can also increase the chance of getting down syndrome. Some symptoms of this disorder are, you can be physically less capable than others can and can have a hard time remembering things and can possibly not be able to achieve what seems to be easy things to do daily. However, most important, they only live to about 80. In addition, they can have a hard time reproducing but can still can reproduce.

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a normal human cell. Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome occurs when there is a third copy of chromosome 21 and causes malformation in body and brain development. Giving birth to a child with down syndrome increases as the mother ages. The odds of having a child with trisomy 21 are 1 in 1000 for women under the age of 35. This increases to 1 in 200 for women 35 and older. Thus, while not completely avoidable, it is best to have children while the mother is still under 35 to allow the child to be less likely to be born with down syndrome.

Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when a persons 46 chromosomes abnormally divides into 47 chromosomes, creating a full or partial 3rd copy of the chromosome 21.

Down syndrome is a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, the chromosome causing the problems is Chromosome 21. Down syndrome current affect about 1 in 600-800 live births in the United States. There are about 400,000 Americans that have Down syndrome, with approximately 6,000 babies are born with this disorder each year. The disorder is thought to form during gametogenesis, during fertilization, or soon after fertilization (Daniilidis, et al. 2015). Fertilization occurs when the sperm binds to zona pellucida, then the sperm undergoes acrosome reactions which will lyses a hole in zona pellucida, and then the sperm and egg membrane fuse. Once the membranes fuse, the sperms genetic material gets released and gets combined with the egg’s chromosomes, thus resulting in a 46 chromosome fertilized egg. This is the mostly likely phase in which Down syndrome gets formed, since it is caused by a mistake in cell division during the development of the egg, sperm or embryo. The mother or the father can be the origin in which the extra partial or full chromosomes come from, but approximately only 5% have been traced to the father. Maternal age is the only risk factor that has been linked to an increased chance of Down syndrome. Down syndrome is not inherited, but 4% of translocation Down syndrome is inherited (Mayo Clinic Staff).

Down syndrome is a disease in which chromosome 21 has extra genetic material delaying the way a child develops mentally and physically.

spread further apart, and are super flexible. This disorder varies in several different ways; it

There are three main types of Down Syndrome, which are, trisomy 21, translocation, and masochism. Did you know Trisomy 21 has 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. (Medical News Today). Translocation is where one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome 21 chromosomes and 1 attaches to another chromosome. Finally mosaicism has a total of 46 chromosomes, but there’s an extra copy of #21 making 47 cells. As a result, those are the most common types of Down Syndrome that develops in the human

Down syndrome, or also known as trisomy 21, describes a set of cognitive and physical symptoms that result from an extra copy or part of a copy of chromosome (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012). Chromosomes carry the genes that tell the body to develop in certain ways and to perform certain functions. Most cells of the human body contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012). People with Down syndrome have either a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21, for a total of 47 chromosomes (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012). The extra chromosome disrupts the normal course of development and results in the physical features and intellectual and developmental disabilities associated with the syndrome (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012).

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. There are three genetic variations that cause Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Trisomy 21 or Translocation Trisomy 21. There are many ways in which theses disorders affect the body.  Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in every single cell of the embryo. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. About 92% of Down syndrome patients have this type. People with Trisomy usually have physical problems.

There are many symptoms of Down syndrome. The symptoms that one can see are: low muscle tone, smaller stature, an upward slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm. Down syndrome babies can be born normal size, but development is twice as slow as a non-Down’s child. The mental side effects are: impulsive behavior, poor judgment, short attention span, and slow learning capabilities. The