Causes And Treatment Of A Kidney

Most ultrasounds are done using a transducer on the surface of the skin. Sometimes, however, doctors and technicians can get a better diagnostic image by inserting a special transducer into one of the body's natural openings

Nephritis is the inflammation of one or both kidneys. Causes may include: kidney conditions, lupus nephritis, neuropathy etc. Types of nephritis include: acute, chronic, glomerulonephritis, and autoimmune. Symptoms include: cloudy and bloody urine or reduced urine, and loin pain.

Diagnostic medical sonographers play a key role in the health care team and often work alongside doctors, nurses, and other technologists. They prepare patients by explaining the procedure and collect necessary patient history information prior to examination. An ultrasound is then performed, which is a non-invasive process that enables sonographers to send high-frequency sound waves into the body. The return signals are then analyzed to help visualize internal organs in 2D, 3D or 4D. These images help physicians with medical diagnoses and are also used for monitoring pregnancy. An ultrasound is often executed on many different areas of the body including the abdomen, pelvis, tissues, and vascular and cardiac systems. A DMS may also be required

Ultrasound, or sonography, is a painless way to take pictures of the inside of a patient’s body using sound waves. Ultrasound Technicians operate machines which is called a sonographic scanner. The scanners create pictures of internal organs. There are many different fields of sonography. There is cardiovascular which works with the heart. Abdominal works with the spleen liver and urinary system. Obstetric works with the female's reproductive system. Breast is where you look for abnormalities or cancer in women’s and sometimes men’s breast. Musculoskeletal is where you look at tissues and joints. Neurosonology is working with the brain.

n.d.). P. Mirabilis is usually not pathogenic, however, once it enters urinary tract, lungs or wounds in the human body, it becomes pathogenic and will use blood vessels to travel to other areas of the body (Murphy, P. n.d.). P. mirabilis can cause urinary tract infections and kidney stones (EOL, n.d.). A urinary tract infection is an infection of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters (M. (2015, July 23). When you have a urinary tract infection you will have symptoms of red and strong-smelling urine, pelvic pain and a burning sensation while peeing (M. (2015, July 23). Urinary tract infections are treated with antibiotics (M. 2015, July 23). Kidney stones are hard, small masses made up acid salts and minerals that are formed inside the kidneys (M. 2015, February 26). When you have kidney stones you will have severe back pain, trouble urinating, cloudy urine, urinating more than normal and pink, red, or brown urine (M. 2015, February 26). There is no treatment for kidney stones, they have to pass on their own (M. 2015, February 26). This process is usually very painful, but usually do not cause any later damage (M. 2015, February 26). To make them tolerable, doctors recommend drinking water and pain relievers (M. 2015, February

Your urine test and physical exam showed a kidney infection. This is called pyelonephritis. It is a urinary tract infection that affects your kidney. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. Most kidney infections result from lower urinary tract infections, usually bladder infections, and occur when bacteria travel from the vagina or rectal area into the urethra and bladder. The urethra is the tube that empties urine from the bladder. From the bladder, the bacteria travel up the ureter or ureters into the kidney or kidneys. The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. In women, the urethra is very short, which allows bacteria to spread to the bladder easily, and eventually, the kidney.

Ultrasound has become a diagnostic tool used in medicine over the past 40 years. This new imaging tool has helped patients and physicians. It has become commonplace in the medical community to order diagnostic ultrasounds for various conditions including pregnancy, cardiac disease and gastrointestinal diseases. Medicine continues to see many new advances for ultrasound.

Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that is caused by bacteria that affects one or both kidneys. The urinary tract involves the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra near the middle of the back on both sides of the spine. This is the human body’s way of removing waste and excess water. Pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria and only affects the kidneys and Escherichia coli is often the bacterium that causes this infection. Men and women are both affected by this and are more likely to develop it by having diabetes, kidney stones, a bladder tumor or an untreated urinary tract infection. There are many symptoms to look for when you are experiencing the infection. Doctors can diagnose depending upon the age and gender of a patient.

Transabdominal ultrasound is a machine that detects sounds waves to the pancreas which the technician glides over the abdomen. When the device is over the pancreas; “the sound waves bounce off the pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and other organs, and their echoes generate electrical impulses that create an image-called a sonogram-on a video monitor” (Chronic pancreatitis testing and diagnosis , 2014). Second test is called Endoscopic Ultrasound. This is a tube that goes into the mouth through the throat down the stomach and into the small intestine. For the doctors do this procedure, they “spray a solution to numb the throat” (Chronic pancreatitis testing and diagnosis , 2014). With this diagnostic test it also shows images of the pancreas and sound waves like the transabdominal ultrasound. Third test is a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatograph (MRCP). This test “uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a noninvasive procedure that produces cross-section images of parts of the body” (Chronic pancreatitis testing and diagnosis , 2014). Patients who have this diagnostic test are sedated, and lay in a cylinder tube. After the doctor or technician “injects dye into the patient’s veins, which helps show the pancreas, gallbladder, and pancreatic and bile ducts” (Chronic pancreatitis testing and diagnosis ,

According to the article URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. (2012). “ Pyelonephritis is a and a common bacterial upper urinary tract infections in children, with recurrence being the highest concern in girls. The dominant causes of the infection are E.Coli, gram negative rods, and organisms that can enter the urethral tube and can damage the kidney or the lining of the urethra.” The bacterial infection enters into the bladder and advances into the kidneys causing an increase in fever, vomiting, apathy, and dysuria, which can lead to sepsis.

Computed tomography (CT) scan is a non-invasive medical imagery procedure that combines the use of x-rays and computer to generate tomographic parts of the area scanned. CT scan are also referred as CAT scans and they produce detailed images of structures inside the body such as internal organs and bones. CT scans can be used for treatment, diagnose and monitor condition. CT scans in screening and diagnosis are to detect cancer, determine whether a cancer has spread throughout the body or returned to the body after the treatment, and to determine effects of heart attack or myocardial infection on areas of the heart. Identify areas of the heart muscles that would benefit from a procedure such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery.

There have been many technological advancements in the health care field. Ultrasounds have played a major role in these advancements. Many people have heard of an ultrasound or even undergone an exam themselves. Medical ultrasound imaging uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inner body. Ultrasounds give health care professionals a visual of tissues. Sonographers are the skilled medical technicians trained to conduct ultrasounds. “A technician (sonographer) trained in ultrasound imaging will spread a clear, warm gel on the skin of the abdomen” (Shannon 205). Next the sonographer will rub the transducer over the gel. (Shannon 205). “The transducer converts electrical pulses into mechanical (sound) waves that are transmitted

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common types of the infection that affecting kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. This infection usually infect the bladder and urethra. Besides the bacteria, such as C. albicans, M. tuberculosis and E. coli, fungi and parasites also may cause the UTIs. However, E. coli is the most common bacterial that affecting the urinary tract [9]. Once the bacteria infecting the bladder, it can contagious to the kidney hence it will be kidney infection, also known as pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis may cause permanent kidney scars, which can lead to chronic disease such as chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes [10].

Urethritis is not fatal, although it can cause other complications to your body. Some of these complications can be minimized by following a treatment plan that you and your health care professional design specifically for you. Complications that your body may endure are infertility, chronic pelvic pain, PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), which is an infection of a woman’s reproductive organs, Prostatis, which is inflammation and infection of the prostate, spread of infection and/or urethral scarring and

Urosepsis is known to be caused by the invasion of the body’s defense mechanism due to an infection. This results in the infectious organisms’ infection and multiplying in the blood. It begins with an infection of the urinary tract or obstruction of the urine. A UTI is the inflammation of the urinary epithelium caused by stomach or intestinal microbia. Leading cause of sepsis is gram-positive bacterial sepsis, however other causes include gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. If a gram-positive bacteria is the cause of the infection it will release exotoxins such as peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acids, superantigens within the body’s defense system. This in turn will trigger a release of proinflammatory cytokines which activate the complement system, coagulation system, kinin system, neutrophils, endothelial and monocyte-macrophage cell activity. These systems and cell activity release anti-inflammatory cytokines such as LPS binding protein, IL-1 or IL-10 receptor antagonist, nitric oxide and other anti-inflammatory cytokines. Anti-inflammatory cytokines cause endothelial cell dysfunction leading to cell adhesion, tissue hypoxia, apoptosis, impaired vascular tone, microvascular thrombus, capillary leak and free radical damage. The combination of these dysfunctions will result in multiple organ dysfunction. Multiple organ dysfunction is recognized by altered mental status, hypotension tachycardia, p/f ratio less than 300 tachypnea, urine secretion less than 0.5