Causes And Treatment Of Sepsis

The systemic inflammatory response is the next step in the continuum and is a nonspecific inflammatory state that may be seen with an infection. Sepsis is the presence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with evidence of infection. As the bacteria invade the bloodstream, they release endotoxins that damage the endothelial cell lining and impair the vascular system, coagulation mechanism, and immune system. These endotoxins also trigger the immune and inflammatory responses, which results in the activation of macrophages and CD4 cells that release proinflammatory cytokines to create a systemic inflammatory response to the pathogen. Hospitalized patients may quickly progress from bacteremia to sepsis and finally to septic shock, even with treatment.

Discuss the cascade of host inflammatory responses that produce the major detrimental effects seen in sepsis due to gram-negative bacteria.

Sepsis is the number one cause of death in intensive care units in the U.S. More than 750,000 cases of sepsis occur each year and about one third of those patients die from it (McKinney, 2014; Ulloa, 2011). Sepsis is a serious condition that is a result of an inflammatory response to infection that can damage organs if left untreated. Severe sepsis occurs when the infection leads to organ dysfunction. Septic shock is when multiple organ failure occurs due to infection and is worse than sepsis and severe sepsis.

Sepsis is defined by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) as “the presence (probable or documented) of infection together with systemic manifestations of infection” (Dellinger et al.,

Sepsis is a rapidly progressive illness that must be treated early with antibiotics and supportive care.

Septic shock results from bacteria that multiply in the blood and then releases toxins that decrease blood pressure, thus, impairing blood flow to cells, tissues and organs. It is an acute infection, usually systemic, that overwhelms the body (toxic shock syndrome) (Huether & Mccance, 2012). This

On his death certificate they declared his cause to be Sepsis by an unknown origin. Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory response that occurs within the body due infection within the bloodstream. Common sites for infection that cause sepsis include pneumonia, kidney infections, or abdominal infections. The infection can be either bacterial, viral, or fungal. The most common gram positive organisms include staphylococcus aureus and enterococci. Common gram negative organisms include pseudomonas species and E. coli.

1. Sepsis is a complex immune disorder that is characterized by systemic hyper-inflammation. Where multifunctional endogenous factors, have been implicated in exacerbation of inflammation in many immune disorders including sepsis pulmonary infection with Francisella novicida, a Gram negative bacterial pathogen.

Septic shock is the stage of sepsis when multiple organ failure is evident and uncontrolled bleeding of the body occurs. Septic shock results from the complication of an infection where toxins initiate a full body inflammatory response. Viral, fungal, and bacterial infections can all lead to septic shock, but the most common causes of sepsis are gram- negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. Sepsis causes severe hypovolemic shock and hypodynamic cardiac function to affect the body, platelets and clotting factors are consumed and thus the body cannot clot blood. Capillary leak occurs and cardiac contractility is poor from cellular ischemia (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2011). For a person to be diagnosed with septic shock, they must have symptoms

Early sepsis is defined as “a suspected or proven infection and the systemic response to infection” (Porth & Matfin, 2009). During early sepsis, a hypodynamic state of vasodilation, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pooling of blood, cellular hypoxia, and vascular damage cause microthrombi. This sequence of events can lead to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and potential death if undetected and untreated. Detection and

Sepsis was known in the old days as "blood Poisoning" because it is " A poisoning of the system by disease carrying bacteria and their toxins absorbed into the bloodstream, as from festering wounds," according to the World Book Encyclopedia Dictionary. 1 Because Sepsis is a severe and often fatal disease and thought to cause 44,000 deaths a year, it is most important that it be recognized early and treated aggressively with utmost and urgent care. If not treated early it can lead to shock and multiple organ failure and even death. It kills more people than breast, bowel, and prostate cancer combined; however, it can be treated successfully if detected early on. 2. Erin Dean Sepsis does not arise on its own. It stems from another medical condition such as an infection in the lungs, urinary tract, skin, abdomen (such as appendicitis) or other part of the body. Invasive medical procedures like the insertion of a vascular catheter can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream and bring on the condition. Many different types of microbes can cause sepsis, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, but bacteria are the most common culprits. Severe cases often result from a body-wide infection that spreads through the bloodstream, but sepsis can also stem from a localized infection.

Sepsis is a common condition in critically ill patients. Cases of sepsis rose by an average of 9% per year (Nasa P, 2012) and the number elderly patients being admitted to ICU’s has increased recently. One of the reasons for this trend is that people are living longer. The world’s population of people over the age of sixty has been increasing steadily. It has been projected that over the next twenty years the number of people over the age of eighty will be double and that by the year 2050 the population of elderly people will be greater than that of young people for the first time in history (World Population Ageing 1950-2050, 2001). In the elderly person, sepsis is a major cause hospitalization and ultimately death. The risk factors, susceptibility, and management are determinates in the outcome for the elderly patient.

Sepsis is the immune response to the body’s defense against the infection. The disease is commonly caused by bacterial infections but can also be caused by other factors and usually begins in the lungs, abdomen, or urinary tract. The virus can be spread anywhere in the body as well as enter anywhere in the body with incidents as minor as scraping your knee or nicking yourself with a bad razor. Since sepsis is so common, the risk of getting the infection is greater when people

More than one million Americans get sepsis each year and twenty-eight to fifty percent of those people die. Sepsis is a medical condition caused by an overwhelming immune response to an infection that is often diagnosed too late. The inflammation caused from this unpredictable disease, leads to blood clots and leaky vessels, which results in weak blood flow, and damages organs. It usually stems from other infections as well as medical conditions in the body and is a major challenge in the ICU. Bacteria is the most common cause but viruses and fungi are causing factors as well. Since sepsis is so hard to diagnose, researchers are trying to find a way to catch this disease early.

Sepsis occurs when large numbers of infectious agents exist in the blood to cause blood poisoning. Infections with fungi and parasites may lead to sepsis as well. The initial infection often comes from a burn ulcer or other open wound. Bacteria can also enter the blood stream directly from an outside source. Small amounts of bacteria enter into blood with dental work or when brushing your teeth.