Causes Of Fungal Isolates

This experiment is designed to test the allelopathy of two different treatments, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea) and Lemon (Citrus limon). The two treatments will be tested on radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) to investigate the effect of the treatments on the germination of the radish seeds. Allelopathy is the beneficial or harmful effects that one plant has on another plant by the release of chemicals. Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment (Francisco A Macías, José MG Molinillo, Rosa M Varela, Juan CG Galindo 2007). The plants use

Due to high energy consumption, thermal process is considered to be less beneficial for plants. However, acid concentration of the product is higher compared with wet processes. High concentration in product is

An example of those are carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid, possessing strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging, and antibacterial activities. The majority of the phenolic acids in Sage species are derivatives of caffeic acid which is the building block of a variety of plant metabolites. Caffeic acid plays a central role in the biochemistry of the Lamiaceae plants, and occurs mainly in a dimer form as rosmarinic acid. Carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, which are present at high concentrations in the extract of Sage plants, have shown strong antioxidant properties. Ursolic acid, also a component of sage, has strong anti-inflammatory properties, and in sage preparations, it is considered as a quality control measurement for the anti-inflammatory effects of different

The purpose of the experiment is to study the hyphal tip growth, and to observe the effects of a drug on the tip growth and the

Fungicides are a class of pesticides that are designed to kill or limit the growth of harmful fungi. "Understanding mechanisms of fungicide action and toxicity is important because humans and domesticated animals encounter these pesticides through a wide variety of applications. In agriculture, fungicides are used to protect tubers, fruits and vegetables during storage or are applied directly to ornamental plants, trees, field crops, cereals and turf grasses" (Hasan 2010: 349). It is very easy to inadvertently and indirectly consume fungicides as a result because of their ubiquitous use, even though many of the components of fungicides can be harmful to human health, animal health and to the environment as a whole.

Whenever there is an unknown disease caused by microorganisms, tests are usually made in order to identify the organism causing the disease. There are several tests that need to be made and they include tests such as performing a gram stain, streaking a plate to isolate colonies, inoculating a broth culture, inoculating API strip, and performing oxidase and catalase tests. Having knowledge on how to identify these tests are of high importance in the medical field so it would be to the advantage of those individuals who know how to examine microorganisms and be able to identify it by correctly performing tests on organisms.

This has already occurred with the disease Ug99 otherwise known as wheat stem rust. A type of bacterial fungus such as Ug99 spreads rapidly and is currently affecting crops all throughout Africa and the Middle East (FAO). With rapidly rising populations, this disease is a contributing factor to many country’s current hunger issues. Due to the lack of food biodiversity, this disease has spread rapidly and is highly possible to spread to our own crops in North America (BBC Horizon). Charles Siebert presented the reader with a solution that has been practiced for decades, but is recently becoming a trend in agriculture.

In the world today, nobody is safe. Whether it is from terrorist attacks, falling meteors or food outbreaks. Recently, there have been food produce outbreaks related to raw sprouts, especially alfalfa sprouts. These outbreaks have been related mostly to the pathogens Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella. Some symptoms related to these pathogens include diarrhea, cramps, stomach pain, and potential fever. These symptoms alone make people want to be extra careful when picking out their produce at the supermarket. The hardest part of these outbreaks are that people are dealing with raw spouts. Raw sprouts can be a great carrier of these pathogens, and there are no one way to get rid of every single pathogen exactly (Winthrop et al., 2002). These outbreaks can be from poor cleaning practices, imports of produce from other countries, or buying from larger food chains.

Before the final experiment, preliminary test was done to determine whether the recommended rate for the positive control (Nordox) and Farmer’s practice (Mancozeb) which is 25 g/16 L or 0.156% could inhibit or stop the growth of A. niger.

ABSTRACT — In the present investigation, it was revealed that treatment with paclobutrazol (PBZ) @ 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 µg mL–1 resulted in shoot length and shoot dry weight to decrease significantly under normal condition, but increased significantly in salinity (4 dSm-1 and 8 dSm-1) with respect to control. Treatment with PBZ resulted in significant increase in root length and root dry weight as compared to control under both normal (PBZ) and saline conditions. Total chlorophyll was recorded to increase significantly at vegetative and flowering stages as compared to control. Hydrogen peroxide decreased significantly at vegetative and flowering stages. Treatment with PBZ resulted in significant increase in protein and total sugar content at

Cotton/Texas root rot. Cotton root rot disease is one of the most destructive and difficult to control fungal diseases that can attack more than 2,000 broadleaf plant species. Cotton growers face the threat of significant crop damage to seedlings and potential devastation near maturity.

The fruit that is examined in this study is a strawberry. The infected strawberry in displayed in figure 1, appears to be fully covered in mycelial growth. Mycelial consists of white filaments also known as hyphae (mould), which seems to be growing on the strawberry. Within the branched hyphae there are multiple black spores that surround the fruit. Although the fruit appears to be shriveled, there appears to be an access amount of liquid which remains on the parafilm and the inner components of the fruit are moist and soft. The multiple stages of mycelial that are growing on the fruit in figure 1, demonstrates signs of the pathogen. The

Abstract: What we are testing in this lab is the effect of inhibitors on browning of enzymes. The fruits and vegetables are affected easily to browning because of interaction with polyphenol oxidases. We start by setting up an experiment to find out if the inhibitor is going to reduce of stop amount of browning in potato extract. We tested 5 different compounds to find out which the best inhibitor. Out of the 5 compounds we chose 3 that worked the best and experimented on them further in the second experiment.

Table (6) Effect of abamectin and malathion at three mixture ratios with olive, peanut and linseed oils on weight loss % of cowpea seeds infested by C. maculatus

Other methods to reduce pain have been around for thousands of years. Hippocrates was the first man to advise people to chew on willow bark as a form of pain relief. However, it was not until 1763 that Edward Stone, an English clergyman, noticed that another property of willow bark was to reduce fever3. Almost one hundred years later in 1860, a compound called salicin was extracted from the willow bark and found to be the reason the bark could provide pain relief. This salicin was hydrolyzed to glucose and salicyl alcohol, which could then be oxidised to salicylic acid4. The bulk of salicylic acid is now produced using the Kolbe synthesis method which is a process that rearranges sodium phenyl carbonate. This chemical is obtained by heating dry sodium phenate under pressure with carbon dioxide, the sodium salt is then decomposed to the acid by dilute hydrochloric acid5 (see figure 1). Derivatives of salicylic