Causes Of Interstitial Lung Disease

* Chest x-ray or CXR - this is the usually first test done when someone sees their doctor with symptoms of any lung condition.

View the right internal jugular vein when measuring jugular venous pressure. With aging, the aorta stiffens, dilates, & elongates, resulting in decreased pulsations on the left side. In addition, use caution when palpating & auscultating the carotid artery. Pressure in the carotid sinus may cause a reflex slowing of the heart rate.

• Pulse Oximetry - Tests the percentage of oxygen in the blood. 95% or more is a normal level,

other intense tests can be done to make the diagnosis much clearer such as Doppler echocardiogram, this uses sound waves to show the function of the right ventricle to measure the blood flow through the heart valves, and then calculate the systolic pulmonary artery pressure. There is also an X-ray, this is done on the chest. This can show any increase or decrease in size of the right ventricle and arteries. A simpler test such as the 6-minute walk test, this controls exercise patience level and blood oxygen saturation level during exercise. There is also a Pulmonary function test, this seeks for other lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to others. Also there is a 'Polysomnogram or overnight oximetry', this monitors sleep apnea (results in low oxygen levels at night). Also a right heart catheterization, this measures various heart pressures ( inside the pulmonary arteries, coming from the left side of the heart), the rate at which the heart is able to pump blood, and finds any leaks between the right and left sides of the heart.

Record this reading as the systolic pressure. You continue to deflate the cuff until the tapping sounds cease.

History of Present Illness: Ms. Noseworthy is a 76-year-old woman who I had seen at the end of July for the evaluation of ILD. She is here today for followup of those results. She has stable cough and shortness of breath. She states that she is exercising on a treadmill on a daily basis and bought an oxygen saturation monitor, which consistently has shown her oxygen levels to be in the low to mid 90's. She denies any chest pain. She has no other complaints today.

Some further tests that can be done are a Computed tomography scan (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart (MRI), by taking an X-ray which may show an enlarged heart, abnormal structure and arrangement of the abdominal organs and an Echocardiogram or Ultrasound of the heart.

There is a considerable controversy regarding the use of OBL in patients with respiratory failure and those on mechanical ventilation because of the potential high morbidity and mortality associated with its use in those patients (20, 21). While the role of OLB has become well established in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (18), its utility and safety are more controversial in critically ill patients. Proponents of OLB argue that solid diagnosis of underlying aetiology can be helpful in determination of the best course of treatment (22). Moreover, the risk of biopsy is fairly low if adequate precautions are taken (23). In contrast, opponents of OLB believe that defining the underlying mechanism of injury is largely academic and it will not add new to the treatment of those patients because of the lack of specific therapies for underlying aetiologies of ARDS and respiratory

Cardiac Echogram- This is to identify structural abnormalities in cardiac function, cardiac output, abnormal valves and MI (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar-Bailey, & Sandburg-Cook, 2017).

You may need to have blood tests, a test to check heart rhythm (electrocardiography), or echocardiography to evaluate your heart valves and the blood flow through them.

7.ECG: To see the evidence of ischemic changes, cardiomegaly suggestive of heart failure or evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

A chest x-ray is the primary way to diagnose a pneumothorax. Generally two chest x-rays will be taken, one on inspiration and one on expiration. This allows to better visualize the collapsed lung. An additional CT scan may be required. Ultrasound may also be used.

Echocardiogram: can detect if the pericardium is distended or if the ventricles have collapsed from low fluid volume (Barwell, 2017).

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia is one of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and smoking-related interstitial lung diseases. It causes respiratory symptoms including cough and dyspnea. There are non-specific findings in the blood test and chest radiograph. The diagnosis required high-resolution computed tomography and lung biopsy. We present a case of passive smoking related desquamative interstitial pneumonia diagnosed by lung biopsy. Successful improvement is achieved after methylprednisolone

amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls in the patient’s heart. Blood pressure is measured in