Causes Of Migrant Labor In The Philippines

People planning to migrate in order to attain a better life are very susceptible to being victims of trafficking. Many are lured into accepting an opportunity to migrate when promised a decent paying job, but that are in reality exploitative and fraudulent.

* Senior Migration Officer Compliance positions in Thailand, China and the Philippines to help prevent trafficking at its source

“Globalization influences human trafficking as traffickers take advantage of new transparent borders, broadband communication, and economic upheaval to prey on those most vulnerable … people are largely defined by their economic worth, and since the most vulnerable have only their bodies to sell (labor … sex) … human beings become commodities and victims” (Burke 2013). Additionally, chapter four defines population and migration as an explanation for human trafficking. As the world’s population increases dramatically, there are many poor and vulnerable individuals who are forced to find a way to survive. “Traffickers are resourceful, inventive, and opportunistic, and can find a way to manipulate … population growth … there is an increase in the supply of potential victims who traffickers can exploit and from whom they can profit” (Burke 2013). Victims are driven into human trafficking because they are unable to sustain themselves living in poverty, or are vulnerable as an immigrant or refugee.

According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour. They are transported across borders and sold into modern-day slavery. Over the past decade, trafficking in human beings has reached epidemic proportions. No country is immune. Clawson (2009) discusses how the search for

Another major consequence of legalizing prostitution becomes apparent when the legitimization of sex markets strengthen the criminal-enterprise of organized pimping (Poulin par. 19). Such bolstering, accompanied by a significant increase in sexual solicitation activities and human trafficking, brings with it the deterioration of these enslaved women (Poulin par. 19). Decriminalizing prostitution presents one of the root causes of sex-trafficking, to the extent that human trafficking promotes the delivery of people into slavery—a crime equally as old as civilization (Raymond par. 9). “Around the world, for those in desperate poverty, the false promise of a better life often draws victims into the control of criminals who then traffic and enslave them” (Bales par. 1). “Many victims of trafficking of persons begin their journey by consenting to be smuggled from one country to another. Because of this, the crimes ‘smuggling’ and ‘trafficking’ are often confused. Smuggling and trafficking both involve moving

The United Nations and other experts have made an educated guess the complete market price value of unlawful human trafficking competes with both drug and firearms trafficking. The crime of human trafficking is intercontinental and is established everywhere, as well as the United States. The term “trafficking” is misrepresented in that it is frequently presumed to imply movement across multi-national borders.

Women and children leave home in search of better lives and that makes them vulnerable to traffickers (Haerens 28). Traffickers lead their victims to believe that they would have a better life than before. One of the biggest offer traffickers present to their victims is that they will have a job if they go with them, but in the end, they will probably not end up with a paying job (Petriligieri 3). Traffickers offer many other solutions such as a bright future, better standard of living, sense of belonging and love (Pittaro 3). People living in impoverished areas do not have the same opportunity to get an education as we, in the United States, do (“Global Recession” 1). In the Philippines they “sweet talk” the parents to allow their daughters to leave their homes and work in Manila as “domestic helpers with promises of huge salaries that they would be able to send back home to help their families” (“Human Trafficking Is Caused” 1). Once they get there, they end up in forced labor or prostitution ( Haerens

Human trafficking is something that has gone on for a very long time, beginning as early as the 1400s with slaves being used and traded. As stated by Jones, Hillard, and Diaz (2007), “human trafficking is both a global problem and a domestic problem” (p.108-109), meaning human trafficking affects and takes place all over the world. Overpopulation, poverty, and so forth, are examples of domestic problems; they also increasing the chances of human trafficking taking place. Immigrants are usually the ones exploited for human trafficking with promises of great pay, jobs, living, and comfort. Trafficking, unlike smuggling, is correlated with deception to ultimately achieve exploitation. Since they don’t have rights as citizens, and are technically illegally here, immigrants comply with the orders they are given (Jonas et al., 2007).

We believe this chapter gave a better understanding on globalization and migration. In “Remotely Sensed”, we recognized that the women that volunteer to be trafficked for sex work are usually migrant women who have difficulties providing for their families and finding jobs where they are from. This causes them to resort to prostitution, because they see it as the only job that could earn them enough money to provide for themselves and their families. We often see influential people with power speak about helping women get out of prostitution. Yet those same people in power support the state which holds on to the structures which refuses to give women equal working opportunities. This causes us to wonder if they are really interested in putting an end to human sex traffic or will continue to let it occur as it creates and puts money in the

Human trafficking have become more significant in modern society. Measuring the extent and tracking the numbers of people trafficked yearly is difficult due to the covert operations of human trafficking worldwide (Shelley, 2010). Shelley noted that trafficking are often committed by discrete ethnic groups that are difficult to for foreigners or outsiders to penetrate (Shelley, 2010, p. 4). Europe is currently facing an increasing migration of illegal immigrants from the Middle East, Asia, and Africa, with an estimated 400,000 people entering Europe each year (Shelley, 2010). Human trafficking and human smuggling in the U.S. is composed of young sex trafficking victims, and are often native born (Shelley, 2010). One of the problems of human

Migration in developing countries is often seen as a way of development through the stimulation of global currency within the country. Specifically throughout the Philippines, it is more common for migrant workers to be female, resulting in the overall structure and dynamics of these families to change. In the novel, Servants of Globalization, author Rhacel Parreñas addresses how the pre-existing structure of gender expectations and unequal employment opportunities for male and females abroad influence the overall gender patterns and impacts of migration from the Philippines, ultimately affecting the dynamics of families as they become transnational and challenging the pre-existing gender ideologies within the countries.

Forced to flee their country because of persecution, war, or violence, a refugee is left vulnerable to trafficking and abuse. Often women and children are known to be the main targets of traffickers. They are bought into the system through false promises such as promises for the better future, then they are exploited in the worst ways possible like prostitution or sexual exploitation, forced labour, slavery and removal of organs. This so-called "business" gained $31.6 billion of international trade per annum in 2010.It is alerting to know that human trafficking is known to be one of the fastest-growing activities of trans-national criminal organizations.

A lack of strong labor protections is just some of the vulnerabilities that can lead to labor trafficking. In addition, victims of labor trafficking are affected by this due to different reasons like perhaps being promised a higher paying job or new and exciting opportunities. Labor trafficking includes but are not limited to: people forced to working in homes as domestic servants, farmworkers coerced through violence as they harvest crops, or factory workers held in inhumane conditions. Additionally, in construction work, health and beauty services, door-to-door sales crew, and carnivals. Although the current information being presented is discussing only about what occurs in America, globally there are 14.2 million people trapped in forced labor in industries including agriculture, construction, domestic work, and manufacturing, according to the International Labor

Prostitution is one of the oldest professions that have widely been practiced around the world, and the Philippines is no exception to this. With the advent of Spanish colonists in the late 1500s, Filipina slaves were sold as “exotic sex objects” or prostitutes to European brothels. During the early 1940s, many Filipinas in Manila and surrounding towns served as “comfort girls” to provide sexual favors to Japanese soldiers of the Japanese Imperial Army serving in the country and in the Pacific region. Today, with the emergence of information technology and global travel, the age-old profession has begun to operate on a technological scale, and sex workers, mostly young girls, have moved not only to the big cities but also online. To be specific, a new form of prostitution among Filipina schoolgirls, called Prosti-tuition, has surfaced recently in the country.

Enmeshed in the reliance of remittances, particular socioeconomic and environmental factors contribute to the impetus of migration and trafficking. While profitable employment and increased opportunities abroad serve as “pull” factors, there are many “push” factors that motivate migrants, including economic and political stability, government corruption, illiteracy, civil unrest, low food production, and internal armed conflict (Davy, 319) [WHILE ALL OF THESE SERVE AS PREDICTIVE FACTORS, THE LIMITED SCOPE OF THIS PAPER WILL RESTRICT FOCUS TO …] Unsurprisingly, economic motivation is a dominant factor provoking voluntary (both documented and undocumented) cross border movement, and is compounded by other social factors (poverty, landlessness, and unemployment) (Kempadoo, 212). Currently, about 26% of Filipinos continue to live in poverty, the percentage of poor has hovered between 20% and 30% for at least the past 10 years despite decades of poverty-reduction efforts under various administrations (Jennings-Forbes). Widespread disparities in income and quality of life persist across regions and sectors (UNDP).