Causes Of Non-Infectious Diseases In Humans

Because there are different types of Waardenburg Syndrome, there are different types of inheritance patterns. Types I and III have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern while types II and IV have an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern (Calendar 2013). The most common type of inheritance is the autosomal dominant inheritance (Type two 2013). An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern means that the mutated gene (EDNRB, EDN3, MITF, SNAI2, PAX3 and SOX10) is in each cell to cause Waardenburg Syndrome (Genetics 2013). In other words, only one parent has to have the copy of the altered gene in order for someone to have the syndrome. An autosomal recessive inheritance pattern means that the mutated gene has to come from both parents in order for a person to have Waardenburg Syndrome (Calendar 2013). Even though both parents carry the mutated genes, they don’t usually show any signs or symptoms of Waardenburg Syndrome.

Autosomal recessive inheritance is the third type known to cause muscular dystrophy, whereas both parents are carriers of the defective gene. For this reason the offspring have a 25% chance of being affected with both malformed genes, resulting in them being affected. The chance increases with cousin marriages.

* How is it possible for an offspring to exhibit a recessive trait if neither parent exhibited that

This syndrome is from a mutation of a gene on chromosome 15 and this causes problems in the production of fibrillin-1 which is a protein that is an important part of connective tissue. The name for the gene is FBN1. Basically, it is the “glue” that helps to support the tissues in the human body. A child born to a parent with this syndrome has a 50% of having it. However, in the remaining 25%, neither parent has the disease which gives them a 1 in 10,000 chance of having a child with this disorder. When a child of two unaffected parents is born with it then the genetic mutation occurs in either the egg or sperm cell at the time of conception.

A non-communicable disease is where the disease cannot be transmitted from person to person. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the most common and worst non-communicable diseases and has been around for a long time and killed many people. This disease occurs when the blood vessels contributing to the heart muscle stop, stopping the heart from getting oxygen. CHD has many impacts on individual, economic, and political.

The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

Infectious disease are diseases or illnesses caused by micro-organisms that become harmful in the body, these micro-organisms are called pathogens. Pathogens are any organism that cause disease, these can include bacteria, viruses and fungi. Not all the micro-organisms mentioned above are harmful to the body, although, under certain conditions such as an immunocompromised individual or the age of a person, can produce an onset of signs and symptoms of an infectious disease. Infectious diseases are communicable, which means they can be spread from person to person, either through direct contact or through bodily fluids. Infectious diseases can also be spread infected vectors which are inhaled or

The parents of an affected baby are carriers and will have a one in four risk of any future baby of that they decide to have being similarly affected.

Non- infectious disease: Build from the inside of the body as they may be hereditary or other causes such as dietary deficiencies, non-infectious diseases are not transmitted.

Autosomal recessive inheritance implies that the quality is situated on a single autosome of the autosomes. This implies men and women are similarly influenced. "Recessive" implies that two duplicates of the gene are important to have the characteristic, one acquired from each parent. An individual who has only a single recessive gene is know a "carrier" for this gene or infection, yet they don't have any medical issues from "carrying" one duplicate of the gene. Majority of the individual are not aware that they are carry a heterozygous genetic factor for an illness until they have a baby with it. [1] When mother and father have had a child with a recessive trait or illness, there is a one out of four, or 25% chance, with each consequent pregnancy,

In the 1830s, German biologist Georg A. Goldfuss coined the word protozoa to refer to organisms such as ciliates and corals. This was later expanded to include the all “unicellular

Unfortunately, female carriers of this condition can also exhibit symptoms of the disease with expression ranging from mild to severe. A female that carries one copy of the recessive allele has a fifty percent possibility of passing it to her sons as well as her daughters; each birth being independent of all others. Alternatively, an affected male and a carrier female could yield a carrier female, unaffected male, affected female, or an affected male with each birth. See the Punnett square below for visual representation of this last

The disease happens when the deoxyribonucleic acid (or DNA for short) has a mutation. Now a mutation can be triggered by a number of things to many chromosomes some kind of antibiotic the parent took before finding out they were pregnant. There are too

Protista are a eukaryotic organism, which means that it has a nucleus. Protists are so unique because they have enough of 100,000 and are so diverse in their structure and behavior, that originally some scientist actually considered some of them were plants, animals, fungi, and some actually a combination. But scientist later on described protista to serve as those organisms that are eukaryotes, not plants, animals, or fungi. Despite the fact that most are unicellular, a bit of them are multicellular.

As a result, there are an extra amount or not enough sets of chromosomes in the cells created which causes disorders in those affected. The effects of nondisjunction include the following diseases: Down syndrome, Patau’s syndrome, Edward’s syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner’s syndrome. Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns determine how certain traits are passed on to the next generation. Mendelian patterns are autosomal dominant inheritance, which causes Marfan syndrome and Huntington disease, and autosomal recessive inheritance, which causes cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell disease. Non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance include polygenic and mitochondrial inheritance. Polygenic inheritance is seen in the inheritance of traits like skin color and height and can cause heart diseases and cancer. In mitochondrial inheritance, also known as maternal inheritance, DNA in the mitochondria is passed down primarily from the mother. This form of inheritance causes some disorders like Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Kearns-Sayre syndrome may occur. Epigenetic inheritance is an unusual process in which epigenetic tags created by a parent’s experience can be passed on to their offspring.