Causes Of Ocean Acidification

Ocean acidification is a term that describes significant changes to the chemistry of the ocean. It happens when carbon dioxide gas is absorbed by the ocean and reacts with seawater to produce acid. This mechanism is happening in the ocean that over time will affect the coral species.

Ocean acidification is where the ocean water becomes more acidic due to the amount of carbon dioxide in the water. Humans use fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas that release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Oceans absorb about one quarter of the carbon dioxide released each year, and since the amount of carbon dioxide in the water increases, it becomes more acidic (Ocean Acidification, NOAA). More acid in the water means that it will be lower on the pH scale and will release more hydrogen ions. This is in comparison to having more base in the water, where it will be higher on the pH scale and will release more hydroxyl ions. The pH scale rates the concentration of hydrogen in water, and acidic water releases more hydrogen ions than basic water. The scale goes from zero to fourteen, where a pH of seven is neutral, a pH less than seven is acidic, and a pH greater than seven is basic. Oceans have an average pH of 8.16, but that number is predicted to decrease

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Ocean Acidification is a process that occurs everyday and majorly affects our planet, but most people don’t even realize it exists. Though it can technically be argued that Ocean Acidification has some benefits for the planet, most of the time the effects of this process are very poor and negatively affect the entire world around us. Human evolution has played a major role in contributing to Ocean Acidification. Whenever humans use energy we release Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere or also known as CO2. This can be in the form of burning fossil fuels from the ground or the removal of national forest by burning. CO2 is a greenhouse gas, which means whenever we can emit it in large quantities or unnatural amounts it can have negative effects on the atmosphere. These high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere result in climate change and more specifically Ocean Acidification. Ocean Acidification occurs when excess Carbon Dioxide is absorbed into the ocean. When this process takes place it can completely disturb the chemical balances of the water. For example, it can reduce pH levels, Biodiversity, and the abundance of calcifying species.

I think that this video is maybe showing the cause that is the most doable to reach in the ones I have watched yet. Ocean acidification is also a great danger for us. It is because people doesn’t take care of their planet, just as climate changing and overpopulation are. It is horrible, just like the others. But, I think that maybe this one targets more than others specific classes of people. Because the ocean acidification is due in a good part to cellular respiration and the using of gas working machines on land, but not only. The people in the video were saying that 50% of the carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean. Well, I don’t for sure, but I can bet that the gas from boats that discharge tons of it per day in the ocean, it stays more

Ocean Acidification is the ongoing decrease pH of the Earth's ocean, caused by the uptake of Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that we exhale in our daily lives. Plants use carbon dioxide to create oxygen that all mammals use. However, carbon dioxide can also change the chemistry of the ocean, this is often referred to as ocean acidification. The excess carbon dissolves into oxygen in the water, producing a chemical called carbonic acid. This acid causes the ocean to become more acidic. In the eighteenth century, the pH was 8.07 which was slightly basic. Currently, the pH is around 8.01 this is about a twenty-five percent increase in acidity. (National geographic) While this slight change may not seem outrageous, it is causing multiple marine life struggles. The acid melts the shells of pteropods causing a low supply of food that would support larger fish.

Ocean Acidification is, excess carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. All of ocean acidification happens underwater; that is why it is unseeable and unfeelable. When coal, oil, and gas release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, it dissolves into the ocean. The ocean has absorbed approximately, 525 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. Scientists once believed that, when the carbon dioxide (CO2) entered the atmosphere and dispersed into the ocean, it left less carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air to warm planet Earth. But, they quickly learned that the ocean's chemistry was changing.

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The growing issue of global warming and greenhouse gasses is affecting our world in many different ways now and into the future. This issue started at the beginning of the industrial revolution when humans were releasing carbon dioxide or CO2 from our newly created activities and services. This resulted in our atmospheric C02 to rise from 278 ppm (parts per million) to 390 ppm in pre industrial times. In the past 30 years we have seen this number increase by 50%, the outcome of our rapid development and our C02 emissions is we have a highest concentration of C02 in our atmosphere ever recorded for over 800,000 years. By continuing to emit CO2 into our atmosphere we will notice changes in temperature and the ocean in the upcoming decades and centuries. These changes to our world would have been noticed sooner if it hasn’t been for our oceans, since the industrial era the oceans have absorbed ¼ of all human made C02 emissions. This has caused the process of ocean acidification; the research presented will show how this process is affecting our pH, ocean chemistry and marine life.

The industrial revolution began in the 18th century, which gave rise to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. CO2 is released into the atmosphere from car engines, and the burning of fossil fuels in factories. About 30% of the CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans (Meinshausen, et al., 2011). CO2 reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) which then forms bicarbonate (HCO3-) by releasing a Hydrogen ion (H+). CO2 can accumulate in the ocean from cellular respiration, as well as when an organism dies it sinks to the bottom of the ocean floor and releases CO2 with decomposition. The higher the H+ concentration in a liquid the lower the pH of that liquid. Ocean acidification is the phenomenon of CO2 being absorbed by seawater and the water becoming more acidic. The atmospheric level carbon dioxide is expected to rise to as high a 900 ppm by the year 2100 (Meinshausen, et al., 2011).

Over the last decade, there has been much focus in the ocean science community on studying the potential impacts of ocean acidification (OA). Ocean acidification describes a change in the ocean’s carbon chemistry which is an emerging global problem. Oceans cover nearly 70 percent of the planet’s surface and play a crucial role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide through the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes (Orr, Fabry, Aumont, Bopp, Doney, Feely, ... & Key, 2005). As a result of anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels, cement manufacturing, changes in land use and other human activities, carbon dioxide levels have built up in the atmosphere (Orr et al., 2005). Excess levels of CO2 then dissolve

The ocean is the largest part of the carbon cycle, where more than 25% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted each year into the atmosphere is absorbed. CO2 is a greenhouse gas and due to it’s relatively high concentations in the atmosphere it is the biggest contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect and is responsible for climate change (Biello, 2009). Naturally occurring ocean acidification is being accelerated by an excess of CO2 being absorbed into the oceans, which is due to the increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 primarily due to the increase of human activities involving the use of carbon based fuels. (Reference). Ocean acidification is the result of CO2 being absorbed into ocean water, which then reacts with the water to produce carbonic acid. The CO2 dissolves into the water in a staged process of equilibrium reactions, where firstly the CO2 is absorbed into the oceans and ultimately synthesised to form carbonic acid H2CO3 as shown in equation 1 below (UWA, 2012).

Ocean Acidification occurs when the ocean uptakes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the resulting chemical reactions make the water more acidic. According to the NOAA “When carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that

Ocean acidification (OA) is a global threat because 25% of carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed into the ocean and it decreases its pH value. Through the process of OA, the amount of carbon molecules taken in create an unbalance in the waters’ acidity level. The oceans’ chemistry can try to find equilibrium by joining the extra carbon molecules with those of oxygen, but there will not be copious oxygen molecules to be paired up with the carbon molecules. Turning the oceans’ water solubility more acid based rather than alkaline. Amina Khan, Science Writer for the Los Angeles Times, points out, “Today’s carbon influx isn’t nearly as massive as the one possibly triggered by Siberian Trap volcanism some 252 million years ago . . . But it is being injected into the atmosphere today at a similar rate as it was back then” (par. 9-10). Just like a million years ago the intake of a great amount of CO2 had an impact on the environment, it is also affecting us in a relatively similar proportion. Now, instead of remaining only in our atmosphere where carbon emissions are depleting our ozone layer, it is also being soaked into the ocean leading to the increase of acidity. Yet, because of how quickly this change in acidity is occurring the impact will become bigger than it has been before. Cheryl A. Logan, Psychobiologist from the University of North Carolina, informs, “Many organisms use calcium and carbonate ions from seawater to produce calcium carbonate, a compound used for skeletal