Causes Of Rhabdomyolysis

Hypovolemic shock is an urgent condition of rapid reduction of circulatory volume in the body, which can be created due to blood or plasma or body fluids loss (Kettley & Marsh, 2016, p. 31; Perner & Backer, 2014, p. 613). Blood loss can be induced by internal or external injuries, excessive perspiration or diuretics (Craft & et al, 2015, p. 852). Maureen Hardy’s hypovolemia has been precipitated by hematemesis.

If there is more NA it the ATPase will have trouble pumping correctly causing problems in the kidneys

When muscle is damaged, the cells break open and release CPK, a protein, into the blood. Since CPK is not normally found in the blood, an

Prerenal acute renal failure- accounts for 60% of cases of ARF- is the most common cause of ARF and is caused by impaired renal blood flow. The GFR drops because of the decrease in filtration pressure. Poor perfusion can result from hypovolemia, hemorrhage, renal vasoconstricition, hypotension, or inadequate cardiac output. This type of renal failure may occur when chronic renal failure exists if a sudden stress is imposed on already marginally functioning kidneys. If blood volume or blood pressure and oxygen delivery is not restored, cell injury and acute tubular necrosis or acute interstitial necrosis may be caused (Perrin, 2009).

During relaxation calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, troponin loses its calcium and tropomyosin reverts. When this action occurs it blocks mechanism of muscle regulation.

Shock is described as a state of hypoperfusion of the organs and tissues, which results in cellular dysfunction and cell death. There are many varieties of shock, but for the purpose of this essay I will focus on hypovolemic shock. The term hypovolemic means low volume; this term in and of itself tells us what the root cause of this form of shock is, low blood volume. There are two different types of hypovolemic shock, hemorrhagic and non hemorrhagic. I will be discussing the possible causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment options for the hemorrhagic type. I will also explain what health care providers in the field should be looking for to determine whether the patient is in a state of compensated or decompensating shock. Compensated shock is when the body is using all of it’s resources to maintain perfusion but in the later stages of shock the patient will decompensate, this is when the body’s attempts at maintaining perfusion are beginning to fail.

Hypovolemic shock “is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid loss make the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body” ( Heller). Hypovolemic shock can be a result of numerous things such as dehydration, excessive diarrhea or bleeding (Nall). Excessive bleeding, both externally and internally, due to injuries is known as Hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock is a type of hypovolemic shock that is “associated with the sudden and rapid loss of significant amounts of blood” (Dictionary).

Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of muscle fibers due to injury. The injury may come from physical damage to the muscle like an injury but other causes are:

The exact cause of this condition is not known. Symptoms are brought on (triggered) by physical activity. EIB can also be triggered

Cellular hypoxemia is resultant of inadequate amounts of oxygen being delivered to the cells or the inability of the cells to use the oxygen. This can be caused by ischemia, respiratory disease, vasoconstriction, vascular obstruction, edema, or anemia. Hypoxemia may result in power failure in the cell resulting in cell death. As the oxygen tension in the cell increases, anaerobic metabolism begins building up lactic acid and reducing pH levels causing biochemical reactions, chromatin clumping, and cell shrinkage. The leakage of intracellular enzymes into extracellular fluid is an indicator of cell injury or death (Grossman & Mattson Porth, 2014). This is evident with the edema Maria is

CRPS to be the consequence of a tissue hypoxia and reperfusion injury It has been recommended that tissue hypoxia discharges free radicals and cytokines that harm the endothelium prompting further arrival of cytokines. This prompts proceeding harm of the endothelium and excitation of nociceptors.

prone to rupture, leading to hemolytic anemia. Changes in the lipid composition of the membranes

Rhabdomyolysis is rare. The muscle tissue breaks down and releases myoglobin in the blood. This can damage the kidneys. Some symptoms include dark urine, muscle aches, and weakness. Fewer than two hundred thousand cases

Rhabdomyolysis is caused by damage to ion channels from muscle injuries. A depletion of ATP

Caused by another disease, such as a connective tissue disease (including lupus or scleroderma) or HIV.