Causes Of Sexual Harassment In Egypt

Worldwide, each and every day, new individuals of all genders, ages, races and religions become victims of sexual assault. These horrific incidences have been recorded since ancient times, yet no noteworthy steps have been taken to reduce the number of occurrences. However, an even bigger issue related to sexual assault stems from a morally corrupt society and a backwards way of thinking. Many victims fail to speak up and report their assaults if they know the person, if the person is of important status, or if they are a person of authority and influence, because they are afraid of the repercussions. In the novel, The Kite Runner, rape is a greatly discussed and significant topic. Young boys in Afghanistan are being assaulted by local bullies from important families, and victims of all ages are being harassed and violated by the Taliban

“In the patriarchal societies found in many developing countries, gender roles are strictly defined” (Johnson 2014). “Survivors are often assumed to be gay which is a crime in 38 of 53 African nations…” (Johnson 2014). Many doctors in third-world countries are not educated enough to recognize the signs of sexual assault in men, which limits the resources and help that they can obtain. Comparing the experiences in South Africa, we will now turn our attention to a study done by ______, where the focus was on the gender-based violence that often ensues during wartime and how it defines masculinity in the Middle-East, more specifically Egypt. “Deep social stigma and shame about sexual assault [prevents] both women and men from reporting such incidents” (Tadros 2016: 324). “In international criminal investigations, men’s experiences were often obscured by terms such as abuse, torture, or mutilation” (Tadros 2016: 326). “…male and female victims are affected differently by societal notions of masculinity and

The Romance of resistance is an article which is written by Lila Abu-Lughod in regard with the different forms of resistance among the Bedouin women and the traditional structure of power among the Bedouin Community in the Egypt's Western Desert. She arrived in late 1970 to begin a fieldwork, and she discovered different forms of resistance among the Bedouin women. In this Article she emphasis on how the Bedouin women resisted the decision of their fathers, uncles, and older brother, how the resisted the sexually segregation, and sexually irreverent discourse. Furthermore, it also talk about how local communities are being incorporated into modern states and integrated into a wider economy.

For many decades, women have experienced all forms of oppression and constant violence that threatened their existence in the male-dominated society. Various forms of discrimination and oppression have been directed to women for decades. Violence directed at women such as rape and battery were seen and treated as isolated scenarios. However, as the need to foster gender equality took pace, such oppressive actions are now perceived as elements of a wider system of dominance in the society that that needs to be addressed as a whole rather than in singularity

Violence against women has been ever-present throughout time and place in our world and in recorded history. Although violence against women encompasses a whole range of related acts, rape and sexual assault perpetrated against women is the focus of this paper. Men and boys are also victims of sexual assault, but the numbers of women who are sexual assaulted are much higher. We will be examining the definition of rape, the effects of rape, issues associated with rape, theories about the cause of rape and engage in some speculation on what can be done to improve the safety of women.

Firstly, Women are less privileged in today 's society because of the overwhelming numbers of sexualy based crimes and harrasments. Women face harassment on a daily basis, even in the western society women are troubled with the fear of these humiliating and often violent forms of discrimination. Sexual harassment and violence is a vast topic because of the different forms in which it takes. but the most common forms consist of catcalling, unwanted sexual

Lila Abu-Lughod is an American anthropologist whose work is focused around descriptive ethnography and mostly based in Egypt. Her work aims to tackled three main issues: the relationship between cultural forms and power; the politics of knowledge and representation; and the dynamics of gender and the question of women’s rights in the Middle East (Columbia). Lughod in her book Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? sets out to get rid of stereotypes that muslim women because of frequent ‘honor killings’ and the practice of veiling need to be rescued. She coins the term for the exploration of saving muslim women ‘Islamland.’ There is the perpetuating stereotype and dominant narrative that muslim women need saving and islam is a threatening

For the millions of women in the world field, sexual harassment is a common issue and will continue to be an issue unless something is done about it. Sexual harassment violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibits discrimination based on 'sex’. Sexual harassment can take place in any form of sexually explicit gestures, forms (“Title VII of the Civil Rights…). Sexual harassment can take the form of many things. For example, a male employer can ask his female employees for sexual favors if they wish to move up the business ladder or when co-workers or the employer belittle the individual with sexist or demeaning names. Nearly 74% of sexual harassment are never reported, as the harassed women are too damaged, too uncertain of their rights or too frightful of retribution to do anything about it (Paludi 219). Only a quarter of women in the workplace report sexual harassment. A research was done on nearly 688 restaurant employees in 39 states, regarding sexual harassment by customers and/or employers/co-workers. In their survey, they found out that 66% of female employees reported having been sexually harassed, 78% of women reported sexual harassment by customer, only 60% of women have reported the incident(s), and 30% of women reported that said inappropriate touching was a “common occurrence” (Ramakrishnan). Those women came to an institution to earn money

Sexual harassment is discrimination that involves any uninvited comments, exploits, or behavior regarding sex, gender, or sexual orientation. If any type of violation is made by a co-worker, a boss, a work acquaintance, or even a non-employee such as a client, vendor, or contractor, this will be considered unlawful sexual harassment within the work environment. Sexual harassment can create a hostile and uneasy work environment. Sexual harassment includes inappropriate verbal advances, unwelcomed physical behavior that creates an aggressive, hostile, intimidating or malicious work environment for employees. Sexual harassment includes sending suggestive e-mails, notes, and

Injustices in this world infect people's lives like diseases. One in particular has not only developed over the years, but cases spring up in the most unthought of places. This injustice commonly known as sexual harassment affects women, children, and occasionally men all across the globe. There are many aspects when it comes to sexual harassment including its background, opposing viewpoints on the popular belief, the popular viewing, sexual harassment in today's society, solutions to the problem, and what the future would be like without this injustice on the world's hands.

Moreover, in a school environment students are pressed in doing a favor to their teacher against their will in order to manipulate their grades. Female workers are asked to do favors in return to advance with their career. Discriminatory acts are often cause by men in powerful positions, which is also known as sexual harassment. Student’s objectives should go to school to pass their courses. Employee should go to work to perform their job responsibilities. If everything works according to plan, it should be okay. However, this is not the case to some situation, there are more and more people becoming a victim of sexual harassment in the workplace, schools, and churches. It is outrageous to hear that there are people out there used their power to sexually harass individual to take advantages of weakness of another person. The typical victims are usually female employees and female students.

Groups demanding the enforcement and the alterations of laws dealing with sexual harassment have had difficulty maneuvering within political channels because of the government’s corrupt and inefficient state. Throughout his 30-year tenure, President Hosni Mubarak frequently rigged elections to remain in power. Specifically, in 2005, a Human Rights Watch report revealed that the government had actively submitted, “yes” ballots and disregarded “no” ballots during a national referendum on constitutional change. This dishonesty reflects the limited role that organizations concerned with the enforcement and the alterations sexual harassment laws have in Egyptian society. In the journal article, Anti-Sexual Harassment Campaign in Egypt, Helen Rizzo states that “where competitive national elections are nullified, canceled, and/or perceived as fraudulent and meaningless, challengers see the futility of operating through routine political channels.” Here, Rizzo suggest that there is a fundamental lack of faith in the government that prevents organizations and groups hoping to reduce the prevalence of sexual harassment from viewing the use of political channels as a viable and legitimate option. As a result, in contemporary Egypt, more citizens and groups concerned with the wellbeing of women have relied increasingly on nonpolitical channels. Specifically, organizations and initiatives like Operation Anti-Sexual Harassment/Assault (OpAntiSH/A),

There are federal laws put in position to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Most employees sometimes don’t even realize what sexual harassment is are when they are committing this violation. On the flip side an employee may not realized when they are being sexually harassed and when is the appropriate time to speak up. Education on sexual harassment has increased within the workplace as cases are more public and fines are getting steeper.

As seen in the case study, a court decision may be one way for any company to legally define what constitutes sexual harassment in the workplace, but there are many ways to define sexual harassment. Everyone has different views and tolerance levels towards sexual harassment. When a case of sexual harassment occurs in a workplace, however, it comes down to how the courts define sexual harassment. The Supreme Court defines sexual harassment to be unlawful in two ways. “The first type involves sexual harassment that results in a tangible employment action;” this is referred to as quid pro quo. For example, if an employee complies with the harasser’s request, then she will get a raise. This unlawful act is usually presented in the workplace by a person who has an upper hand, such as a manager, to ensure that s/he will get what s/he wants. Employees are often victimized by fear that they will not get promoted or that they will get fired. They also dread that if a complaint is filed, it will not be handled correctly. “This instance of sexual harassment always involves another violation of employee rights; [sic] wrongful termination.” This would occur, for instance, when “a supervisor . . . tells a subordinate that . . . she must be sexually cooperative with [him] or . . . she will be fired, and who then indeed does fire the subordinate for not submitting” (“U.S. Supreme Court Defines”). [schwinlaw.com]

Social inequality is a pressing issue in society today. It is a problem that is embedded deeply in society and has a harmful and negative impact. It creates an uneven distribution of resources and opportunities in society thereby causing people to be marginalized. There are many categories associated with social inequality. Examples include race, ethnicity, age, gender, power and social class. This paper will examine gender inequality in society. Using an article from the Toronto Star, I will focus on sexual harassment as an issue of gender inequality in the workplace and the impact it has had on the self-esteem as well as opportunities and achievements of women. Gender Inequality can be defined as the unequal treatment and prejudice of a person on the basis of sex and gender roles. Sexual harassment is further defined as any unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favours of verbal, gestural or physical nature and with objectionable overtones which cause discomfort, humiliation, fear or anger (I.L.O, 1958). Gender Inequality is mostly affected by women. In the workplace, schools, political positions and even in families, women are seen as the inferior sex. In Canadian history, it was not until the 1900s women were given equal rights to vote and the 1920s before a woman was elected in parliament. (Smith, 2011) This is to show that gender discrimination has been embedded in society for a very long time and although laws have been made to make sure males and females are