Causes Of Water Logging In Dhaka

Within the unprecedented challenges posed by the explosive growth of urban population, the lack of water supply and sanitation is one of the most urgent and harmful issues. The relationship between water supply and cities’ welfare is very important, as cities require a huge supply of fresh water, and in turn, the way in which the city makes use of water has an impact on the availability of fresh water. It is impossible to consider a city as being ‘sustainable’, if it cannot ensure safe access to drinking water and suitable sanitation to its habitants. (Naciones Unidas, 2010)

Beginning in the late 1990’s the city realized the importance of stormwater management and initiated the necessary steps to identify and minimalize the adverse effects of inadequate drainage infrastructure. Although the city had adopted stormwater regulations for new development, older developments and roadways in the city were not regulated prior to 1984 and many of those drainage systems

To begin, one of the largest and long term solutions is the effort to combat climate change. Climate change contributes to coastal flooding through multiple ways, but the most devastating to coastal cities is sea level rise. Increases in global temperatures cause sea levels to rise, which causes flooding at earlier stages due to tides already being higher from higher sea levels. When this happens, high tides come in further and cause more flooding. Sea level rise contributes to both ‘nuisance flooding’ and catastrophic flooding. It can cause longer duration and intensity of flooding, as the flood waters take longer to subside (Ezer & Atkinson, 2014). Catastrophic flooding caused by large scale events, such as a hurricane, are more prevalent now than 100 years ago, which corresponds to the rise in sea levels. Suggestions to combat climate change are varied and range from lowering carbon emissions to reducing deforestation (NTNU, 2015). Reducing sea level rise that is caused by global warming through climate change is an important aspect of flood prevention. In regards to nuisance flooding alone, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has stated that sea level rise will cause increasing nuisance flooding and the time between flooding incidents will decrease (NOAA, 2015). Due to the many solutions proposed

To reduce the impacts of sea level rise on storm water drainage systems, pump stations can be used to more effectively collect storm water runoff and direct it to the local waters. Enhancing storm water pumping capacity reduces the likelihood of sewage backup due to sea level rise and flooding. In addition, use of green infrastructure such as bioswales and rain gardens can reduce the impacts of sea level rise on stormwater drainage systems. Bioswales are storm water runoff conveyance systems that can absorb storm water runoff due to heavy rain. Bioswales filter the stormwater and store the water, and hence, reduce the pressure on sewage systems during heavy rainfalls and flooding. Rain gardens can be used as effective landscape elements to reduce storm water runoff. When implemented as landscape components of different city facilities and buildings, rain gardens can effectively reduce stormwater runoff and reduce the pressure on drainage systems under sea level

In both Bolivia and Brazil locals rallied around a plethora of issues. Bolivia, specifically Cochabamba, rallied around the issue unfair water practices by the foreign company Bechtel. Cochabamba’s dependence on Bechtel sprung out of a need for water that had festered due to overpopulation, deforestation, and poverty. However, Bechtel proved to be a major problem and increased water rates by more than 50% which caused the locals to riot. Problems also exist in Brazil in the favelas and for the landless peasants. Favelas are small houses that are on land that is not owned by the occupants of the favela. People live in favelas due to extreme poverty as many favelas lack sewage, garbage collection, water and are plagued with drug dealing and crime.

With increased construction and new developments, cities are turning more into a concrete jungle every year. Unfortunately, the consequences of this have a big impact on the environment. The loss of green spaces and rise of glass and concrete buildings is having a harmful effect on the air quality and takes away natural wildlife habitats; which in turn has a negative effect on people in the area. The reduction in permeable land surfaces is in essence waterproofing our cities and therefore putting the existing drainage systems under more pressure. Ultimately, urban expansion as it is, is not socially or environmentally sustainable and researchers have identified that London’s biggest short-term risk is the risk of surface water flooding. (Mayor of London, 2011)

A preliminary analysis of the sea level of Bangladesh was done to examine the one-metre rise in sea level (Huq et al.1995). Huq and colleagues (1995) conducted a study that included data on topological maps, tidal tales, satellite images, aerial photos, and hydrographic maps. Thematic maps were used to estimate the effect of a one-meter sea-level rise on agriculture, population, and infrastructure. Locations experiencing subsidence included the Chalan Beel, Dhaka Depression, and the Khulna Sundarbans area with

Bangladesh is prone to various disasters having immense harmful consequences associated with different natural and man-made hazards. Among most of the natural hazards, Landslide is being prioritized as a matter of great concern as a result of its devastating nature. South-eastern part of Bangladesh is very much prone to this hazard with long history of instability since the people have been living there though there is not enough record of incidents. Landslides are frequently resulting in losses of both lives and properties which are being worsened with rapid and unplanned urban development and frequent changes in land use (Popescu, 2010). Almost every year, during the monsoon, the hilly areas of the southern part experience landslide due to both natural and human-induced instable slopes and causes tremendous damage to life and property. More rapid urbanization trend, other human development activities through deforestation and hill-cuttings have triggered the increase of landslide incident in mountainous regions(Mia, Sultana, & Paul, 2015).

Dhaka is a mega city. More than twelve million people live here. Day by day the number is increasing and most part of Dhaka is badly affected by the population growth. More than 7 hundred thousand rickshaws ply or the city road, but only 75 thousand have legal number. This huge number of rickshaws is creating traffic jam.

In recent years Bangladesh has achieved rapid economic growth and significant progress in social development despite many other problems. The enviable GDP growth and many other social and environmental successes have gained until now. But still Dhaka is one of the least livable cities in the world. Political economy and urban planning both are complex and people and state oriented. Before discussing about the political economy of urban development process it is necessary to clear the concept of political economy and the economic system of Bangladesh.

Water purification and a wastewater treatment plants would be necessary in order to provide the citizens and visitors with clean healthy water. To prevent flooding, this city was built on flood plains.

70 % of our Earth surface is covered by water and almost 60% of the human body contain water for nutrient transportation. The unique characteristic of water is water molecule is the only substance in this Earth that exist in all three physical states of matter which are solid, liquid and gas. All human beings need water to survive. The national development over the years cause the rate of water pollution increased. According to Gebre & Rooijen (2009) water pollution can be considered as a sign that derives from economic growth and is a common phenomenon in urbanized cities in developing countries. In general, there are three main issues that related to water pollution which are the causes, effects and the way to decrease this problem.

Bangladesh is one of the largest deltas in the world which is highly Penetrable to Natural Disasters because of its Geographical location, Flat and low-lying landscape, Poverty, Population density, Illiteracy, Lack of Institutional setup etc. Similarly the Physical, Social as well as Economic states of Bangladesh are very typical to any of the most Penetrable countries to Natural Disasters in the world . The total land area is 147,570 sq. km. consists mostly of Floodplains (almost 80%) leaving major part of the country (with the exception of the north-western highlands) prone to flooding in the rainy season. Moreover, the adverse affects of Climate Change – especially High Temperature, Cyclones and Sea-level Rise, Storm Surges, Salinity Intrusion, Heavy Monsoon Downpours etc. has aggravated the overall Economic Development scenario of the country to a great extent.

The next pollution will be water pollution. This pollution comes from factories, automobiles’’ exhausts and mines, which dump sewage directly into the water. Moreover, as an Agrarian country, the usage of pesticides for agriculture in India calls for water pollution too. Excessive usage of organic matter by farmers will also lead to the same consequent. As mentioned, deforestation will occur as population increase and the forests are stripped, soil erosion will happen and further cause sediments in water. Furthermore, people in India bathe in river for spiritual rejuvenate. However, as they warding off their sins in water, body wastes are excreted into the river as well, leading to river pollution. Religious

Being a tropical country does not come without its many struggles, one being that, according to The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the Philippines is hit by at least 20 tropical cyclones every year, and of those an average of 10 being typhoons, with an average of 5 having the potential to be destructive typhoons. And in the past few years, it has been pointed out by PAGASA’s Senior Weather Specialist Anthony Lucero, that due to factors such as global warming the number of destructive typhoons has been increasing. With these typhoons, comes heavy rains, and eventually even heavier floods. The pumping stations established by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) that is meant to pump floodwater out of the streets and residential areas, are greatly hindered and disturbed by the garbage and waste not properly discarded. Thus, mitigating the pumping stations’ sole purpose, which is to resolve flooding. It has gotten to a point where light rains can cause the worst of floods not because of the downpour but because of the drainage systems. It has been stated by many that flooding in the Philippines, and all that