Causes, Symptoms, And Treatments

Graves ' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. The gland is located at the front of the neck above where the collarbones meet. This gland releases the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control body metabolism. Controlling metabolism is important for regulating mood, weight, and mental and physical energy levels. When the body makes too much thyroid hormone, the condition is called hyperthyroidism. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is most common in women over age 20. But the disorder can occur at any age and can affect men as well. Some of the symptoms of Graves diseases are

Experts aren’t sure the exact cause of Graves’ disease because it is an autoimmune disease. There are certain risk factors associated with Graves’ disease which include genetics, gender, age, pregnancy, mental stress, and smoking. People who have family history of this disease are more likely to develop it. Also females are more likely than males to acquire Graves’ disease and onset of the disease usually occurs after the age of 20. Anatomy affected by this disease is the thyroid gland which is part of the endocrine system. It is located at the back of the neck, below the Adam’s apple. This disease doesn’t destroy the thyroid gland, instead an antibody called thyrotropin receptor antibody makes the thyroid produce large amounts of hormone. The thyroid produces two hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones affect many body systems and play a key role in regulating the body’s metabolic rate. Excessive secretion of these hormones is what causes the signs and symptoms that have already been described.

TSH not only stimulates the thyroid gland to churn out more hormones. If in excess, can cause overwhelming cell growth and division to result in goiter.

Whereas Hashimoto’s is an under active or under developed thyroid gland, Graves’ disease is the opposite. Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, better known as hyperthyroidism. Although a number of disorders may result in hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a common cause. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/graves-disease/basics/definition/con-20025811)

Graves’ disease is autoimmune that effects the thyroid in front of the neck. This thyroid creates T3 and T4 which helps regulate how the body uses energy. We have a small gland called pituitary in the brain that helps the thyroid regulate the hormone level properly. With grave’s disease the immune system creates antibodies that act like TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) which than makes the thyroid to create more hormones than what the body needs to have. This is called hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease causes the body to speed up such as the heart and the metabolism. The symptoms for graves’ disease are goiter (enlarged gland) Anxiety and irritability, A fine tremor of your hands or fingers, Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration

Graves’ disease is often associated with the over activity of the thyroid gland, also known as hyperthyroidism. It is more common among women, and

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that was discovered by Robert Graves in 1835. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland and causes hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease occurs when the antibodies like thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) attack the thyroid gland as if it were a foreign object or a virus of some sort. This disease is the most common type of hyperthyroidism. Attacking

Grave’s disease is a disorder of the immune system causing the body to have an overproduction of hormones to the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). I chose this disease because I’ve known of a few people that have had difficulties with their thyroid’s. I wanted to learn more about it to be able to make other’s aware that they should have their thyroid checked regularly. The signs and symptoms that are associated with Grave’s Disease are anxiety, weight loss, puffy eyes, hand tremor’s, heat sensitivity, and the most noticeable is the enlargement of the thyroid. They can also experience insomnia, irritability and hair loss. Even though individual’s may have these signs and symptoms, this disease does require a medical diagnosis from a doctor.

The reason I pick this disease is this is what my grandmother pass away from and is not in a better place. Graves disease which was first described by Robert Graves in the 19th century, this disease if one of the most common thyroid problems.It is also the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive hormones. Once this disorder is diagnosed it is east to treat, in some cases the disease has gone into remission or disappeared completely after some months or years. if left untreated this disease can lead to many serious complications

According to the American Thyroid Association hyperthyroidism is an condition in which there is excessive amount of thyroid hormone in the body. It is also stated that another term for this problem is called Grave’s disease or thyrotoxicosis, and thyrotoxicosis is when there is high levels of thyroid hormones in the blood stream. The thyroid is a small shaped butter-fly gland located in the front of the neck and that is apart of the immune system. The authors of this article talks about who is the most affected, diagnoses, and treatment of this disease.

Graves’ disease was first identified in 1835 that it was interconnected with goiter, palpitation and bulging of the eyes by Robert Graves, although it was first written and published ten years ago by Caleb Perry ("Brent"). Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder, it induces the human body to have a hyperactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) causing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that attach to TSH receptors that starts the production and release of thyroid hormones; An autoimmune disorder is a disorder that happens when a healthy tissue gets attack by our immune system mistakenly. According to the article I read from New England Journal of Medicine “Graves' disease affects approximately 0.5% of the population and is the underlying cause of 50 to 80% of cases of hyperthyroidism” (Weetman).

Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune endocrine disorder characterized by thyroid hyperplasia and excessive thyroid hormone production (Karoutsou & Polymeris, 2011). Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of GD which characterized by orbital inflammation that affects mainly the extra-ocular muscles and fibro-adipose tissue (Marcocci & Marinò, 2012).

Patient, E.G, female of 24 years of age, born in Virginia, raised in Maryland, and who is currently residing in Virginia chief complaint is of right knee pain. Patient has experience this pain for four years and pain started at twenty-four years of age. Pain is sporadic. May not experience any pain somedays and there are days where pain level rises. Patient currently uses a knee brace as needed to relieve pain. Other than the chief complaint, patient overall health status is generally healthy. Patient’s vital signs, are at normal ranges, and calculated BMI is 35 which is categorized as obese.

As the patient is pregnant, if the condition is not treated, pregnancy complications can occur as a result of the hyperthyroidism, this adverse effect include spontaneous abortion, premature delivery (PD),

The number of admitted patients increases within hospitals on a daily basis. Doctors admit patients for various reasons such as if they want to monitor a patient’s symptoms, reaction to medicine or recovery process. In this way, patients can receive the care they need and get more specialized attention from nurses, doctors, and other medical practitioners. However, if the patients are in a hospital for too long a large payment is reflected in their health bill, and they take up space that more critical patients desperately need. In this paper, we shall discuss the causes of long hospital stays and some recommendations that can reduce the number of inpatient days to the national average of 4.8days.